Coenonympha california

Coenonympha california, also known as the California ringlet or common ringlet, is a species of butterfly native to North America.^[1][2] Although it has previously been considered a subspecies of Coenonympha tullia, genetic testing suggests it is a separate species.^[3]

Coenonympha california
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Coenonympha
Species:	C. california
Binomial name
Coenonympha california Westwood, 1851

Habitat and behavior

The California ringlet is found in grasslands and woodlands from foothills to 5,000 feet (1,500 m). There are two broods a year. The adults of the spring brood are darker and grayer than the adults of the summer brood, which are buff. This might be for thermoregulation.^[4]

Larvae feed on grasses.^[5]

Taxonomy

Coenonympha california contains the following subspecies:

• Coenonympha california mcisaaci^[2]
• Coenonympha california galactinus^[2]
• Coenonympha california benjamini^[2]
• Coenonympha california mackenziei^[2]
• Coenonympha california yontocket^[2]
• Coenonympha california eryngii^[2]
• Coenonympha california eunomia^[2]
• Coenonympha california columbiana^[2]
• Coenonympha california mono^[2]
• Coenonympha california elko^[2]
• Coenonympha california pseudobrenda^[2]
• Coenonympha california subfusca^[2]
• Coenonympha california furcae^[2]
• Coenonympha california nipisiquit^[2]
• Coenonympha california ampelos^[2]
• Coenonympha california ochracea^[2]
• Coenonympha california insulana^[2]
• Coenonympha california inornata^[2]
• Coenonympha california california^[2]

References

1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
2. "Common Ringlet (Coenonympha california)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
3. Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Opler, Paul A.; Grishin, Nick V. (6 November 2020). "Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names" (PDF). The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey. 8 (7). eISSN 2643-4806. ISSN 2643-4776.
4. "Coenonympha tullia california | Art Shapiro's Butterfly Site". butterfly.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2024-12-16.
5. "Species Page: California Ringlet (Coenonympha california)". Nebraska Lepidoptera: A Guide to Nebraska Butterflies and Moths. 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2023-08-10.