Cleistanthus collinus

Cleistanthus collinus^[2] is a plant species first described by Roxburgh, with its current name after Bentham and Hooker; it is included in the family Phyllanthaceae.^[3][4] The IUCN categorizes this species as vulnerable.^[1] No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.^[3]

Cleistanthus collinus
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Phyllanthaceae
Genus:	Cleistanthus
Species:	C. collinus
Binomial name
Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f.
Synonyms
Lebidieropsis orbiculata var. lambertii Lebidieropsis orbiculata var. collina Lebidieropsis orbiculata (Roth) Müll.Arg. Lebidieropsis collina (Roxb.) Müll.Arg. Emblica palasis Buch.-Ham. Bridelia collina (Roxb.) Hook. & Arn. Andrachne orbiculata Roth Andrachne cadishaco Roxb. ex Wall. Amanoa collina (Roxb.) Baill.

Properties

Cleistanthus collinus (Karra) contains a plant poison also called oduvan (Tamil), kadise (Kannada), Vadisaku (Telugu), Oduku (Malayalam) and Gaja Madara (Sinhala) . Ingestion of its leaves or a decoction of its leaves causes hypokalemia (kaliuresis and cardiac arrhythmias),^[5] metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxia^[6] probably due to distal renal tubular acidosis, ARDS and toxin induced vasodilatation respectively.^[7][8][9] Hypokalemia and acidosis probably also induces rhabdomyolysis resulting in myoglobinuric kidney failure and neuromuscular weakness.^[10] Its effects are probably mediated by injury to the distal renal tubules, pulmonary epithelium and peripheral blood vessels due to glutathione depletion^[11] (animal studies have shown benefit with N-acetylcysteine).^[12]

Gallery

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  Karra at fruiting
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References

1. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Cleistanthus collinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T34271A9855293. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34271A9855293.en.
2. Benth. ex Hook.f., 1887 In: Fl. Brit. India 5: 274
3. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
4. "Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f." Plants of the World Online / Kew Science.
5. Thomas, K; Dayal, AK; Narasimhan, Alka G; Seshadri, MS; Cherian, AM; Kanakasabapathi, Molly B (1991). "Metabolic and Cardiac effects of Cleistanthus Collinus poisoning". J Assoc Physicians India. 39 (4): 312–314. PMID 1938816.
6. Subrahmanyam, DK; Mooney, T; Raveendran, R; Zachariah, B. A (Nov 2003). "Clinical and laboratory profile of Cleistanthus collinus poisoning". J Assoc Physicians India. 51: 1052–4. PMID 15260387.
7. Eswarappa, S.; Chakraborty, A R; Palatty, B U; Vasnik, M (2003). "Cleistanthus Collinus Poisoning: Case Reports and Review of the Literature". Clinical Toxicology. 41 (4): 369–72. doi:10.1081/clt-120022005. PMID 12870879. S2CID 20225328.
8. Benjamin SPE, M Edwin Fernando, JJ Jayanth, Preetha B; Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 2006 Sep; 54:742-44
9. Nampoothiri, K; Chrispal, A; Begum, A; Jasmine, S; Gopinath, KG; Zachariah, A (Mar 2010). "A clinical study of renal tubular dysfunction in Cleistanthus collinus (Oduvanthalai) poisoning". Clin Toxicol. 48 (3): 193–7. doi:10.3109/15563651003641786. PMC 2875161. PMID 20397801.
10. Eswarappa, Benjamin SPE (Jan 2007). "Renal failure and neuromuscular weakness in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning". J Assoc Physicians India. 55: 85–86. PMID 17447300.
11. Sarathchandra, G; Balakrishnamoorthy, P. "Acute toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus, an indigenous poisonous plant in Cavia procellus". Journal of Environmental Biology. 1998: 145–8.
12. Annapoorani, KS; Damodaran, C; Chandrasekharan, P (1986). "A promising antidote to Cleistanthus collinus poisoning". J Sci Soc Ind. 2: 3–6.

• Media related to Cleistanthus collinus at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Cleistanthus collinus at Wikispecies