Chukotka (icebreaker)

Chukotka (Russian: Чукотка) is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker currently under construction at Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg.

Launch of Chukotka
History
Russia
Name	Chukotka (Чукотка)
Namesake	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Operator	FSUE Atomflot
Ordered	23 August 2019[1]
Builder	Baltic Shipyard, Saint Petersburg
Cost	Over RUB 100 billion (for two vessels)[1]
Yard number	05712[2]
Laid down	16 December 2020[3]
Launched	6 November 2024[4]
Sponsored by	Elena Shmeleva[5]
Completed	December 2026 (planned)[6]
Identification	IMO number: 9924106[7]
Status	Under construction
General characteristics [8][9]
Class and type	Project 22220 icebreaker
Displacement	33,530 t (33,000 long tons) (dwl) 25,540 t (25,140 long tons) (minimum)
Length	173.3 m (569 ft) (overall) 160.0 m (525 ft) (dwl)
Beam	34 m (112 ft) (maximum) 33 m (108 ft) (dwl)
Height	51.25 m (168 ft)[10]
Draft	10.5 m (34 ft) (dwl) 9.00 m (30 ft) (minimum; achievable)[11] 8.65 m (28 ft) (minimum; official) 8.50 m (28 ft) (minimum; design)
Depth	15.2 m (50 ft)
Ice class	RMRS Icebreaker9
Installed power	Two RITM-200 nuclear reactors (2 × 175 MWt) Two turbogenerators (2 × 36 MWe)
Propulsion	Nuclear-turbo-electric Three shafts (3 × 20 MW)
Speed	22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph) 1.5–2 knots (2.8–3.7 km/h; 1.7–2.3 mph) in 2.8 m (9 ft) ice
Endurance	7 years (reactor fuel) 6 months (provisions)[12]
Crew	75
Aviation facilities	Helideck and hangar

Development and construction

Background

Main article: Project 22220 icebreaker § Development

In the late 1980s,^[13] the Russian research institutes and design bureaus developed a successor for the 1970s Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreakers as part of a wider icebreaker fleet renewal program initiated shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.^[14] The new 60-megawatt icebreaker, referred to using a type size series designation LK-60Ya,^{[note 1]} would feature a so-called dual-draft functionality which would allow the vessel to operate in shallow coastal areas after de-ballasting.^[15] Although the preliminary designs had been developed almost two decades earlier, the LK-60Ya design was finalized in 2009 as Project 22220 by Central Design Bureau "Iceberg"^[16] and the construction of the first vessel was awarded to Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard in August 2012.^[17] Three additional contracts in May 2014, August 2019 and February 2023 have increased the number of Project 22220 icebreakers under construction or on order to seven.^[18][19][20]

Construction

On 23 August 2019, FSUE Atomflot signed a contract worth over 100 billion rubles (about US$1.5 billion) for the construction of two additional Project 22220 icebreakers with Baltic Shipyard.^[1] As before, the Saint Petersburg-based shipyard was the only bidder for the construction of the nuclear-powered icebreakers.^[21]

The keel of the fifth Project 22220 icebreaker was laid on 16 December 2020 and the hull was launched on 6 November 2024.^[3][4] The vessel, named Chukotka (Russian: Чукотка) after the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is scheduled to be delivered by December 2026.^[6]

Design

Main article: Project 22220 icebreaker § Design

Chukotka is 173.3 metres (569 ft) long overall and has a maximum beam of 34 metres (112 ft). Designed to operate efficiently both in shallow Arctic river estuaries as well as along the Northern Sea Route, the draught of the vessel can be varied between about 9 and 10.5 metres (30 and 34 ft) by taking in and discharging ballast water, corresponding to a displacement between 25,540 and 33,530 tonnes (25,140 and 33,000 long tons).^[8][9][11]

Chukotka has a nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain. The onboard nuclear power plant consists of two 175 MWt RITM-200 pressurized water reactors fueled by up to 20% enriched Uranium-235^[22] and two 36 MWe turbogenerators.^[23][24][25] The propulsion system follows the classic polar icebreaker pattern with three 6.2-metre (20 ft) four-bladed propellers driven by 20-megawatt (27,000 hp) electric motors.^[26][27] With a total propulsion power of 60 megawatts (80,000 hp), Chukotka is designed to be capable of breaking 2.8 metres (9 ft) thick level ice at a continuous speed of 1.5–2 knots (2.8–3.7 km/h; 1.7–2.3 mph) at full power when operating in deep water at design draught.^[9]

Notes

1. The type size series designation "LK-60Ya" (Russian: ЛК-60Я) comes from the Russian language word for "icebreaker" (Russian: ледокол, romanized: ledokol), propulsion power (60 megawatts), and the first letter of the Russian word for "nuclear" (Russian: ядерное, romanized: yadernoye).

References

1. "Atomflot Inks Contract for Another Two Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers". PortNews. 5 September 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
2. "Крыловский центр закупает гребные электродвигатели для двух ледоколов проекта 22220" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
3. "Балтзавод заложил атомоход проекта 22220 «Чукотка»" (in Russian). PortNews. 16 December 2020. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
4. "With flags of occupied Ukrainian regions on its bow, Putin's newest icebreaker is put on the water". Barents Observer. 6 November 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
5. "Песков: Елена Шмелева станет "крестной матерью" атомного ледокола "Чукотка"". TASS (in Russian). 6 November 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
6. "В "Атомфлоте" рассказали об ожидаемых сроках сдачи ледоколов проекта 22220" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 20 October 2021. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
7. "Chukotka (9924106)". Equasis. Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
8. "Универсальный атомный ледокол проекта 22220" (in Russian). Rosatomflot. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
9. "Multipurpose nuclear icebreaker project 22220". United Shipbuilding Corporation. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
10. "Как ледокол "Арктика" готовился к ходовым испытаниям" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 15 December 2019. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
11. "Испытание Дудинкой. "Сибирь" поборола лишний вес" (in Russian). Fontanka.ru. 2 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
12. "Ледокол "Арктика" готов на 60%" (in Russian). Ruselprom. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
13. Tsoy, L.G. (2012), "Не разучились ли наши судостроители проектировать ледоколы?", Морской флот (in Russian) (5)
14. Tsoy, L.G.; Stoyanov, I.A.; Mikhailichenko, V.V.; Livshits, S.G. (1995), "Perspective types of Arctic icebreakers and their principal characteristics" (PDF), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 1995 (POAC'95), vol. 1, pp. 13–26, archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2021, retrieved 19 November 2022
15. Tsoy, L.G. (1994), "New generation Arktika class nuclear icebreaker feasibility study", Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ships and Marine Structures in Cold Regions, 1994 (ICETECH'95), pp. P1–P8
16. "Largest icebreaker construction now underway". The Motorship. 26 January 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
17. "Baltic Shipyard to build new large nuclear-powered icebreaker (Project 22220 LC-60YA)". Navy Recognition. 7 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
18. "Baltiysky Shipyard to build three new icebreakers by 2020". Barents Observer. 8 May 2014. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
19. "Russia's ATOMFLOT Orders 4th & 5th Project 22220 Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers". Naval News. 11 August 2019. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
20. "Росатомфлот заключил контракт на строительство пятого и шестого серийных универсальных атомных ледоколов". Rosatomflot (in Russian). 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
21. "Baltiysky Zavod Shipyard wins contracts for LK 60 icebreaker duo". PortNews. 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
22. Lobner, Peter. "Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
23. "Serving the nuclear machine building industry since 1945" (PDF). JSC "Afrikantov OKBM". Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
24. "Kirovsky Zavod Will Manufacture a Steam-Turbine Plant for the World's Largest Nuclear-Powered Ice-Breaker". Kirovsky Zavod. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
25. "Турбогенератор РУСЭЛПРОМА установили на атомный ледокол" (in Russian). Ruselprom. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
26. "Электродвигатели "Русэлпрома" погружены на ледокол "Сибирь"" (in Russian). Ruselprom. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
27. ""Звездочка" изготовила лопасти гребных винтов для головного атомного ледокола" (in Russian). 20 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2020.