Choeradoplana

Choeradoplana is a genus of land planarians found in South America.

Choeradoplana
Choeradoplana iheringi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Platyhelminthes
Order:	Tricladida
Family:	Geoplanidae
Subfamily:	Geoplaninae
Genus:	Choeradoplana Graff, 1896
Type species
Choeradoplana iheringi Graff, 1899

Description

Species of the genus Choeradoplana are characterized by the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle associated with cephalic glands, forming a cephalic musculo-glandular organ in a way similar to the one found in the genera Luteostriata and Issoca. The head of Choeradoplana is highly rolled backwards and the ventral area thus visible has two "cushions" formed by the musculo-glandular organ.^[1] This peculiar head shape makes it easy to identify a species as belonging to this genus.

Etymology

The name Choeradoplana comes from Greek word χοιράς (scrofula) and the Latin word plana (flat) due to the two cushions on the ventral side of the head that resemble the neck swellings in patients affected by scrofula.^[2]

Species

The genus Choeradoplana currently includes the following 24 species:^[3][4]

• Choeradoplana abaiba Carbayo, Silva, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2017
• Choeradoplana agua Carbayo, Silva, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2017
• Choeradoplana albonigra (Riester, 1938)
• Choeradoplana banga Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
• Choeradoplana benyai Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, 2014
• Choeradoplana bilix Marcus, 1951
• Choeradoplana bocaina Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
• Choeradoplana catua Froehlich, 1954
• Choeradoplana claudioi Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021
• Choeradoplana crassiphalla Negrete & Brusa, 2012
• Choeradoplana cyanoatria Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2019^[5]
• Choeradoplana ehrenreichi Graff, 1899
• Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva & Carbayo, 2021
• Choeradoplana gladismariae Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
• Choeradoplana iheringi Graff, 1899
• Choeradoplana langi (Dendy, 1894)
• Choeradoplana longivesicula Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2019^[5]
• Choeradoplana malaria Negrete & Brusa, 2024^[6]
• Choeradoplana marthae Froehlich, 1954
• Choeradoplana minima Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, 2014
• Choeradoplana onae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021
• Choeradoplana pucupucu Carbayo, Silva, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2017
• Choeradoplana riutortae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021
• Choeradoplana tristriata (Schultze & Müller, 1857)

References

1. Ogren, R. E. and Kawakatsu, M. (1990). Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. Bulletin of Fujis Women's College. 29: 79-166.
2. Graff, L. v. (1896). "Über das System und die geographische Verbreitung der Landplanarien". Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. 6: 61–75.
3. Carbayo, Fernando; Silva, Marcos Santos; Riutort, Marta; Álvarez-Presas, Marta (2017). "Rolling into the deep of the land planarian genus Choeradoplana (Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) taxonomy". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 18 (2): 187–210. doi:10.1007/s13127-017-0352-4. ISSN 1439-6092. S2CID 4547123.
4. Lago-Barcia, Domingo; Silva, Marcos Santos; Carbayo, Fernando (2021). "Revision and description of six species of Choeradoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), with an emendation to the genus". ZooKeys (1016): 1–48. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7892534. PMID 33628077.
5. Iturralde, Giuly Gouvêa; Leal-Zanchet, Ana (2019). "Why be original? Two new species of Choeradoplana resembling the type species of the genus in their external aspects (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola)". ZooKeys (813): 1–19. doi:10.3897/zookeys.813.29565. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 6331516. PMID 30647523.
6. Negrete, L.; Zivano, A.; Francavilla, M. L.; Damborenea, C.; Brusa, F. (31 December 2024). "When looks can be deceiving: a new cryptic land planarian species of Choeradoplana Graff, 1896 (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) from Argentina". Systematics and Biodiversity. 22 (1). Taylor & Francis: 2292661. doi:10.1080/14772000.2023.2292661. ISSN 1477-2000.