Chlorine azide

Chlorine azide
Names
	IUPAC name Chlorine azide
Identifiers
CAS Number	13973-88-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
PubChem CID	61708;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10161156 ;
	SMILES [N-]=[N+]=NCl;
Properties
Chemical formula	ClN3
Molar mass	77.4731 g/mol
Appearance	Yellow-orange liquid; colorless gas
Melting point	−100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K)
Boiling point	−15 °C (5 °F; 258 K)
Solubility	Soluble[vague] in butane, pentane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in water
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Space group	Cmc 21, No. 36
Explosive data
Shock sensitivity	Extreme
Friction sensitivity	Extreme
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Extremely sensitive explosive
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 4
Related compounds
Related compounds	Hydrazoic acid; Fluorine azide; Bromine azide; Iodine azide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chlorine azide (Cl N₃) is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig.^[2] Concentrated ClN₃ is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.^[3]

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Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.^[4]

Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.^[5]

Its shipment is subject to strict reporting requirements and regulations by the US Department of Transportation.

[1]
Lyhs, Benjamin; Bläser, Dieter; Wölper, Christoph; Schulz, Stephan; Jansen, Georg (2012). "A Comparison of the Solid‐State Structures of Halogen Azides XN₃ (X=Cl, Br, I)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (51): 12859–12863. doi:10.1002/anie.201206028. PMID 23143850.
[2]
Frierson, W. J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide. II. Interaction of Chlorine Azide and Silver Azide. Azino Silver Chloride, N₃AgCl". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1698–1700. doi:10.1021/ja01249a013.
[3]
Frierson, W. J.; Kronrad, J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide, ClN₃. I.". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1696–1698. doi:10.1021/ja01249a012.
[4]
Raschig, F. (1908). "Über Chlorazid N₃Cl". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 41 (3): 4194–4195. doi:10.1002/cber.190804103130.
[5]
CID 61708 from PubChem

Media related to Chlorine azide at Wikimedia Commons

[1] [1]
Lyhs, Benjamin; Bläser, Dieter; Wölper, Christoph; Schulz, Stephan; Jansen, Georg (2012). "A Comparison of the Solid‐State Structures of Halogen Azides XN₃ (X=Cl, Br, I)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (51): 12859–12863. doi:10.1002/anie.201206028. PMID 23143850.

[2] [2]
Frierson, W. J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide. II. Interaction of Chlorine Azide and Silver Azide. Azino Silver Chloride, N₃AgCl". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1698–1700. doi:10.1021/ja01249a013.

[3] [3]
Frierson, W. J.; Kronrad, J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide, ClN₃. I.". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1696–1698. doi:10.1021/ja01249a012.

[4] [4]
Raschig, F. (1908). "Über Chlorazid N₃Cl". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 41 (3): 4194–4195. doi:10.1002/cber.190804103130.

[5] [5]
CID 61708 from PubChem

[2]

[3]

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[4]

[5]

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Chlorine azide

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Preparation and handling

Explosive characteristics

Regulatory information

References

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