Chinese sausage

Chinese sausage is a generic term referring to the many different types of sausages originating in China. The southern flavor of Chinese sausage is commonly known by its Cantonese name lap cheong (or lap chong, simplified Chinese: 腊肠; traditional Chinese: 臘腸; pinyin: làcháng; Jyutping: laap6 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: laahp chéung).

Dried Chinese sausages

Dried Chinese sausages
Alternative names	lap cheong, lap chong
Type	Sausage
Place of origin	China
Main ingredients	fresh pork or liver
Media: Dried Chinese sausages

Chinese sausage
preserved sausage
Traditional Chinese	臘腸
Simplified Chinese	腊肠
Literal meaning	preserved sausage
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin làcháng Hakka Romanization lap cong Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization laahp chéung Jyutping laap6 coeng2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ la̍h-chhiâng
liver sausage
Traditional Chinese	膶腸
Simplified Chinese	膶肠
Literal meaning	liver sausage
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin rùncháng Hakka Romanization gon cong Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization yeuhn chéung Jyutping jeon2 coeng2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ kan-chhiâng
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese	lạp xưởng
Thai name
Thai	กุนเชียง [kūn t͡ɕʰīa̯ŋ]
RTGS	kun chiang
Khmer name
Khmer	សាច់ក្រកចិន

Varieties

There is a choice of fatty or lean sausages. There are different kinds ranging from those made using fresh pork to those made using pig livers, duck livers and even turkey livers. Usually a sausage made with liver will be darker in color than one made without liver. Recently, there have even been countries producing chicken Chinese sausages. Traditionally they are classified into two main types. It is sometimes rolled and steamed in dim sum.

Chinese sausages drying

• Lap cheong (Cantonese, or simplified Chinese: 腊肠; traditional Chinese: 臘腸; pinyin: làcháng; Jyutping: laap6 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: laahp chéung) (lit."preserved sausage") is a dried, hard sausage usually made from pork and pork fat. It is normally smoked, sweetened, and seasoned with rose water, rice wine and soy sauce.^[1]
• Yun chang (simplified Chinese: 膶肠; traditional Chinese: 膶腸; pinyin: rùn cháng; Jyutping: jeon2 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: yéun chéung) (lit."liver sausage") is made using duck liver.
• Xiang chang (simplified Chinese: 香肠; traditional Chinese: 香腸; pinyin: xiāng cháng; Jyutping: hoeng1 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: hēung chéung) (lit."aromatic sausage") is a fresh and plump sausage consisting of coarsely chopped pieces of pork and un-rendered pork fat. The sausage is rather sweet in taste.
• Nuomi chang (simplified Chinese: 糯米肠; traditional Chinese: 糯米腸; pinyin: nuòmǐ cháng; Jyutping: no6 mai5 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: noh máih chéung) (lit."glutinous rice sausage") is a white-colored sausage consisting of glutinous rice and flavoring stuffed into a casing and then steamed or boiled until cooked. The nuomi chang of some Chinese cultures have blood as a binding agent similar to Korean sundae.^{[citation needed]}
• Xue chang (simplified Chinese: 血肠; traditional Chinese: 血腸; pinyin: xuě cháng; Jyutping: hyut3 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: hyut chéung) (lit."blood sausage") are Chinese sausages that have blood as the primary ingredient.
• Bairouxue chang (simplified Chinese: 白肉血肠; traditional Chinese: 白肉血腸; pinyin: báiròuxuě cháng; Jyutping: baak6 juk6 hyut3 coeng2; Cantonese Yale: baahk yuhk hyut chéung) (lit."white meat blood sausage") is a type of sausage popular in northeast China that includes chopped meat in the blood mixture.
• Guan chang (Chinese: 贯肠) (lit."through sausage") is a long, red sausage made of fresh meat.

Regional

Short Cantonese dried sausages

Chinese sausage is used as an ingredient in a number of dishes in the southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Hunan, and also Hong Kong and Taiwan. Sichuan sausage contains and is flavored by red chili powder, Sichuan pepper powder, and Pixian bean sauce. Two common examples of such dishes include fried rice and lo mai gai (糯米雞). The traditional unpackaged forms are usually found in street markets or wet markets.

Harbin-style sausage

Smoked sausages from Harbin

In northeast China, especially Heilongjiang's largest city Harbin, Harbin-style sausage (traditional Chinese: 紅腸; simplified Chinese: 红肠; pinyin: hóngcháng), a popular regional specialty, is a coarsely ground, smoked savory red sausage similar to Polish "country" kielbasa and Lithuanian skilandis. It was first manufactured in March 1909 by Lithuanian staff in a Russian-capitalized factory named Churin Sausage Factory, located in Harbin's Daoli District. An alternative name is Lidaosi (Chinese: 里道斯),^[2] from Russian колбаса литовская kolbasa litovskaâ, "Lithuanian sausage".^[3] Harbin-style sausage subsequently became popular in China, especially in northern regions.^[4] A sweeter dried version similar to southern Chinese sausages is also produced.

In other countries

Vietnam

In Vietnamese, Chinese sausage is called lạp xưởng or lạp xường. It has been incorporated into a variety of dishes from simple omelets to more complex main courses. Due to the salty taste of the sausages, they are used in moderation with other ingredients to balance the flavor. The sausages are made from pork (lạp xưởng heo) or chicken (lạp xưởng gà), the latter of which yields a leaner taste. Tung lò mò (Cham: ꨓꨭꩂ ꨤꨟꨯꨱꨥ tung lamaow) is a similar sausage made from beef by the Chams (who are Muslim) in southern Vietnam.

Myanmar

In Burmese, the sausage is called either kyet u gyaung (chicken sausage; ကြက်အူချောင်း) or wet u gyaung (pork sausage; ဝက်အူချောင်း). The sausages made in Myanmar are more meaty and compact compared to those in Singapore or China. They are usually used in fried rice and along with fried vegetables, mostly cabbage.

Philippines

Chinese sausage chow pao with egg from Chowking in the Philippines^[5]

In the Philippines, Chinese sausage is an ingredient in some Chinese-Filipino dishes like siopao bola-bola. It is sometimes confused with and used in place of the native sausage Chorizo de Macao (which is also sometimes known as "Chinese chorizo"). The latter is not derived from the Chinese sausage, but derives its name from the use of star anise, which is associated with Chinese cuisine in the Philippines.

Taiwan

Taiwan also produces a similar form of sausage; however, they are rarely dried in the manner of Cantonese sausages. The fat and meat may be emulsified, and a larger amount of sugar may be used, yielding a sweeter taste. These sausages are usually produced by local butchers and sold at markets or made at home. This variant of Chinese sausage is known as xiangchang (香腸) in Mandarin Chinese, literally meaning fragrant sausage.

Singapore

Singapore produces innovative Chinese sausages that could be considered healthier than the traditional variety. Examples include low-fat, low-sodium, and high-fibre Chinese sausages.^[6][7]

Thailand

Yam kun chiang, a Thai salad made with la chang

In Thai, Chinese sausage is called kun chiang (Thai: กุนเชียง) after its name in the Teochew dialect (贯肠, kwan chiang in Teochew), the dominant Chinese language within the Thai Chinese community. It is used in several Chinese dishes by the sizeable Thai Chinese community, and also in some Thai dishes such as yam kun chiang, a Thai salad made with this sausage. There is also Chinese sausage made with snakehead fish (pla chon; Thai: ปลาช่อน).

Suriname

In Suriname, Chinese sausage is referred to by a Hakka Chinese word (fa1cong3 花肠 'motled sausage') rendered as fatjong, fachong,^{[8] [9]} fa-chong, fashong, or fasjong in colloquial spelling. It is part of the dish moksi meti tyawmin (mixed meat chow mein).

Other regions

Chinese sausages are generally available in Asian supermarkets outside Asia, mostly in a vacuum-packaged form, although some Chinese groceries sell the unpackaged varieties as well. These tend to be made domestically due to prohibitions on import of meat products from overseas.^[10][11][12] For example, many of the Chinese sausages sold in Canada are produced by a number of manufacturers based in Vancouver and Toronto.^[13] Lap cheong is also a very popular sausage in Hawaii due to large numbers of Chinese in Hawaii who have incorporated it into local cuisine.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Food portal

• Curing (food preservation)
• Ham sausage – a mass-produced sausage in China
• List of dried foods
• List of sausages
• List of sausage dishes
• List of smoked foods

References

1. CNN Go 40 Hong Kong foods we can't live without Archived 2012-11-05 at the Wayback Machine 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-09
2. 胡英男 (29 September 2011). "Bǎinián hā'ěrbīn hóng cháng fāzhǎn shǐ" 百年哈尔滨红肠发展史 [Development History of Harbin Red Sausage]. www.my399.com. 哈尔滨新闻网. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
3. "блюда традиционной местной кухни" (in Russian). 哈尔滨市人民政府. Archived from the original on 2020-06-15. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
4. "31 dishes: A guide to China's regional specialties". CNN Travel. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
5. "Chinese Sausage Chow Pao with Egg - Side Dish". chowkingdelivery.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
6. Low Fat Sausages - Singapore Polytechnic Archived 2016-04-01 at the Wayback Machine.
7. Shitake Sausages - Singapore Polytechnic Archived 2016-04-02 at the Wayback Machine.
8. Man A Hing, William (1992). "Eigen verenigingen en integratie" [Own associations and integration]. In Van Binnendijk, Chandra; Faber, Paul (eds.). Sranan. Cultuur in Suriname [Sranan. Culture in Suriname] (PDF) (in Dutch). Paramaribo: Vaco N.V., Uitgeversmaatschappij. p. 77. ISBN 99914-0-049-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
9. Grijpma, Paul (November 30, 1981). "Bont feest van Surinamers" [Colourful festival of Surinamese]. Het Parool (in Dutch). Amsterdam. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
10. "Processed meat – uncooked". Biosecurity and Trade Guide. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
11. "FSIS Issues Public Health Alert for Ineligible Imported Meat and Poultry Products from China | Food Safety and Inspection Service". www.fsis.usda.gov. USDA FSIS. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
12. "Conditions for importing meat products from China". inspection.canada.ca. Government of Canada Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
13. Stoffman, Judy (11 June 2008). "Is that a sausage in your suitcase?". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 13 March 2023.