Charles Winnecke

Charles George Alexander Winnecke (18 November 1857 – 10 September 1902)^[1] was an Australian explorer and botanist best known for leading the Horn Expedition to Central Australia in 1894.

Members of the Horn Scientific Expedition (Winnecke seated third from right)

Members of the Horn Expedition in Alice Springs in 1894 (Winnecke standing, fourth from right)

Charles Winnecke
Personal details
Born	1856 Norwood, South Australia
Died	10 October 1902(1902-10-10) (aged 45)
Occupation	Explorer and botanist

Biography

Winnecke was born in Norwood in South Australia on 18 November 1856. He was educated at St. Peter's College.

Winnecke entered the Government Survey Office in Adelaide in 1873 under Surveyor-General George Goyder. He first accompanied the North Eastern Exploring Expedition to survey the border between South Australia and Queensland in 1877.^[2]

Winnecke travelled through northern South Australia in September 1884.^[3][4] A decade later, he led the Horn Expedition to Central Australia from May to August 1894, a scientific exploration of the region's geology, zoology, botany and Indigenous people. They followed the Finke River as far as the James Range towards the now Tempe Downs Station and Kings Creek Station.^[5] It included Baldwin Spencer, Edward Charles Stirling, Ralph Tate and J. A. Watt and drew on the expertise of Afghan cameleers and Aboriginal guides. It resulted in the publication of the Report on the work of the Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia in four volumes from 1896 to 1897.^[6]

During this expedition, Winnecke was responsible for the theft of a major repository of Aboriginal sacred objects in Central Australia, helped by an Aboriginal guide who was later killed by local elders for his crime in leading Winnecke to their hiding place. The objects were subsequently interpreted with the assistance of another guide, the sometime police tracker and Aboriginal resistance identity Arrarbi. When removing the objects he left 'a number of tomahawks, large knives and other things in their place, sufficient commercially to make the transaction an equitable exchange'.^[5]

Winnecke was made a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Astronomical Society. He died on 10 September 1902 in Adelaide.^[1][7][a]

Legacy

Winnecke Avenue in Alice Springs is named after him.^[8]

A species of Australian lizard, Diporiphora winneckei, is named in his honour,^[9] as is the shrub Triumfetta winneckeana.^[10]

Publications

• Physical features of Central Australia, 1887, Adelaide^[11]
• Journal of the Horn Scientific Exploring Expedition, 1894 Australia, 1897, Adelaide^[12]

Notes

1. There are discrepancies regarding Winnecke's date of death. The Northern Territory Dictionary of Biography lists it as 17 September 1902, but the obituaries are published prior to that date.

References

1. "DEATH OF MR. C. G. A. WINNECKE". The Express and Telegraph. Vol. XXXIX, no. 11, 679. South Australia. 12 September 1902. p. 3 (1 o'clock.). Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
2. "Winnecke, Charles George Alexander (1856–1902)". Encyclopedia of Australian Science. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
3. "MR. C. WINNECKE'S LAST TRIP TO THE NORTH". The South Australian Advertiser. Vol. XXVII, no. 8330. South Australia. 30 June 1885. p. 6. Retrieved 26 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
4. "MR. C. WINNECKE IN THE NORTH". Adelaide Observer. Vol. XLII, no. 2283. South Australia. 4 July 1885. p. 39. Retrieved 26 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
5. Bucknall, Ruary (2008). Northern Territory Dictionary of Biography. Charles Darwin University Press. hdl:10070/260154. ISBN 9780980457810. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
6. "THE HORN SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION". South Australian Chronicle. Vol. XXXVI, no. 1, 863. South Australia. 5 May 1894. p. 4. Retrieved 26 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
7. "THE LATE MR. C. G. A. WINNECKE". Adelaide Observer. Vol. LIX, no. 3, 181. South Australia. 20 September 1902. p. 26. Retrieved 26 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
8. Petrick, Jose; Petrick, Jose. Street names tell history of Alice Springs (2005), The history of Alice Springs through landmarks and street names ([4th ed. updated to November 2005] ed.), J. Petrick, ISBN 978-0-646-30256-0
9. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Winnecke", p. 288).
10. Mueller, F.J.H. von (1884). "Mr. Winnecke's explorations during 1883: Plants Collected in Central Australia". South Australian Parliamentary Papers. 39.
11. Winnecke, C. (Charles), 1857-1902; Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. South Australian Branch (1887), Physical features of Central Australia, Spiller, retrieved 25 November 2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
12. Winnecke, C. (Charles); Tate, Ralph, 1840–1901; Watt, J. A (1897), Journal of the Horn Scientific Exploring Expedition, 1894 Australia, C. E. Bristow, Govt. Pr, retrieved 25 November 2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

• Digital copy of Journal of the Horn Scientific Exploring Expedition, 1894 Australia via Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
• Letter from C Winnecke to W B Spencer 07/12/1899