Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat

Charles II Gonzaga (31 October 1629 – 14 August 1665) was the son of Charles of Gonzaga-Nevers (d. 1631) of Rethel, Nevers, Mantua, and Montferrat; and Maria Gonzaga. He followed his grandfather Charles I, Duke of Mantua, in 1637 as ruler of these lands, the first ten years under regency of his mother Duchess Maria. On 22 March 1657, Charles II receives the appointment as Imperial Vicar in Italy. Charles sold the Duchies of Nevers and Rethel in 1659 to Cardinal Jules Mazarin,^[2] the de facto Regent of France, and they became part of France.

Charles II Gonzaga
Portrait of Duke Charles II
Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
Reign	22 September 1637 - 14 August 1665
Predecessor	Charles I Gonzaga
Successor	Ferdinand Charles Gonzaga
Born	3 October 1629 (1629-10-03) Mantua, Duchy of Mantua
Died	14 August 1665 (1665-08-15) (aged 35) Mantua, Duchy of Mantua
Burial	Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie, Curtatone[1]
Spouse	Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria ​ ​ (m. 1649; died 1665)​
Issue	Ferdinand Charles, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
House	Gonzaga
Father	Charles of Gonzaga-Nevers
Mother	Maria Gonzaga

On 7 November 1649, Charles II married Isabella Clara of Austria (12 August 1629 – 24 February 1685), a daughter of Leopold V, Archduke of Austria, and thus into the imperial family. The marriage was an act of diplomacy and they had only one child, his successor Ferdinand Charles, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (1652–1708). The relationship between husband and wife effectively ended, and Charles continued a relationship with a noblewoman Margherita della Rovere, and also had affairs with men including the castrato Atto Melani.^[3] In his book, The Last Medici, Harold Acton records that his death occurred in the midst of lascivious intercourse.^[4]

Charles tried to revive the tradition of his family as patrons of the arts and to rebuild his family's art collection, which had been largely sold off by his forebears. In 1657, he appointed the Flemish painter and printmaker Daniel van den Dyck as his official court painter, architect, surveyor of his building program and engineer for stage designs for the theatre. After van den Dyck's death, he appointed on 4 April 1663 another Flemish painter called Frans Geffels as his new court painter.^[5]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat

16. Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua 8. Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers 17. Margaret Palaeologina 4. Charles I, Duke of Mantua 18. Francis I of Cleves, Duke of Nevers 9. Henriette of Cleves 19. Marguerite of Bourbon-La Marche 2. Charles Gonzaga 20. Francis, Duke of Guise 10. Charles, Duke of Mayenne 21. Anna d'Este 5. Catherine of Mayenne 22. Honorato II de Savoy 11. Henriette of Savoy, Marquise de Villars 23. Jeanne Françoise of Foix 1. Charles II Gonzaga 24. Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua 12. Vincenzo I Gonzaga 25. Archduchess Eleanor of Austria 6. Francesco IV Gonzaga 26. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 13. Eleonora de' Medici 27. Archduchess Joanna of Austria 3. Maria Gonzaga 28. Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy 14. Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy 29. Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry 7. Margaret of Savoy 30. Philip II of Spain 15. Catherine Michelle of Spain 31. Elisabeth of Valois

Honours

• Grand Master of the Order of the Redeemer

References

1. Royal Tombs
2. Condren 2021, p. 68.
3. Roger Freitas, The Eroticism of Emasculation: Confronting the Baroque Body of the Castrato, The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 20, No. 2. (Spring, 2003), pp. 196–249.
4. Acton, Harold. The Last Medici. p. 84.
5. Anne-Marie Logan, 'Daniel van den Dyck (Daniel Vandich)', Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch 55 (1994), p. 95-104

Sources

• Condren, John (2021). "The role of women in Louis XIV's relationship with the Gonzaga-Nevers di Mantova between 1665 and 1691". In Anderson, Roberta; Santaliestra, Laura Oliván; Suner, Suna (eds.). Gender and Diplomacy: Women and Men in European Embassies from the 15th to the 18th century. Hollitzer Verlag.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Charles I	Duke of Mantua and Montferrat 1637–1665	Succeeded by Ferdinand Charles