Charles-Victor Mauguin

Charles-Victor Mauguin (French: [ʃaʁl.vik.tɔʁ mo.gɛ̃]; 19 September 1878 – 25 April 1958), more often Charles Mauguin, was a French mineralogist and crystallographer. He and Carl Hermann invented an international standard notation for crystallographic groups called Hermann–Mauguin notation (also sometimes called international notation).^[2][3]

Charles-Victor Mauguin
Born	19 September 1878 Provins, France
Died	25 April 1958 (1958-04-26) (aged 79) Villejuif, France
Citizenship	French
Education	École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud École normale supérieure, Paris
Known for	Hermann–Mauguin notation
Scientific career
Fields	Mineralogy, crystallography
Institutions	University of Bordeaux University of Nancy University of Paris
Thesis	Les amides bromées-sodées et leur rôle dans la transposition d'Hofmann (1910[1])
Doctoral students	André Guinier

Education and career

Mauguin originally intended to become a school teacher and enrolled at École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud in 1902. Later he moved to École Normale Supérieure, Paris, where he obtained his Doctor of Science in 1910 in the field of organic chemistry. During his chemistry studies, he also attended lectures on mathematics offered at Sorbonne University, including those by Émile Picard, Henri Poincaré, Paul Painlevé, and Édouard Goursat. Before World War I, Mauguin was briefly a faculty member at University of Bordeaux in 1912 and at University of Nancy from 1913 to 1919.^[1] He moved back to University of Paris in 1919 and worked under Frédéric Wallerant as an associate professor of mineralogy. He took over the position in 1933 and became a professor of mineralogy at University of Paris and worked until 1948, when Mauguin retired.^[4][5]

Mauguin was the first to notice that when he sandwiched the semi-solid liquid crystals between two aligned polarizers, he could twist them in relation to each other, but the light continued to be transmitted. This phenomenon is called Mauguin regime (waveguide regime) in twisted nematic effect ^[6][7] .

References

1. "Facultés et Université de Nancy aux 19e-20e siècles". histoire-universite-nancy.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-08-03.
2. Wyart, J. "50 Years of X-ray Diffraction" (PDF). International Union of Crystallography. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
3. Mauguin, Ch. (1931-08-01). "Sur le symbolisme des groupes de repetition on de symetrie des assemblages cristallins". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 76 (1–6): 542–558. doi:10.1524/zkri.1931.76.1.542. ISSN 2196-7105.
4. Wyart, J. (1958-08-10). "Charles Mauguin, 1878-1958". Acta Crystallographica. 11 (8): 513–514. Bibcode:1958AcCry..11..513W. doi:10.1107/S0365110X58001444.
5. Charle, Christophe; Telkes, Eva (1989). "79. Mauguin (Charles)". Publications de l'Institut national de recherche pédagogique. 25 (1): 194–196.
6. Mauguin, C.: Sur les cristaux liquides de Lehmann. Bull. Soc. Fr. Miner. 34, 71–117 (1911)
7. Blinov L.M. Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals (Springer, 2011), pp. 439. ISBN 978-90-481-8828-4 Chapter 11.