Chalking the door

This article is about the Christian religious practice. For the Scottish legal practice, see Chalking the door (eviction).

Chalking the door is a Christian Epiphanytide tradition used to bless one's home.^[1] It is normatively in the pattern of four crosses positioned in between the traditional initials of the three wise men, which are surrounded by the first two and last two digits of the current year (e.g. 20 ✝ C ✝ M ✝ B ✝ 25).^[2] The practice of chalking the door originated in medieval Europe, though it has spread throughout worldwide Christendom.^[3][4]

Epiphany season door chalking on an apartment door in the Midwestern US

A Christmas wreath adorning a home, with the top left-hand corner of the front door chalked for Epiphany-tide and the wreath hanger bearing a placard of the archangel Gabriel

Epiphany

Either on Twelfth Night (5 January), the twelfth day of Christmastide and eve of the feast of the Epiphany, or on Epiphany Day (6 January) itself, many Christians (including Anglicans, Episcopalians, Lutherans, Methodists, Presbyterians and Roman Catholics, among others) write on their doors or lintels with chalk in a pattern such as "20 ✝ C ✝ M ✝ B ✝ 25". The numbers in this example refer to the calendar year 2025 and the crosses to Christ. The letters C, M, and B stand for the traditional names of the biblical Magi (Caspar, Melchior and Balthazar), or alternatively for the Latin blessing Christus mansionem benedicat ('May Christ bless this house'),^[5] or IIIK referring to the three kings ^{[citation needed]}.

Chalking the door is done most commonly on Epiphany Day itself. However, it may be done on any day within the Epiphany season.^[6] In some localities, the chalk used to write the Epiphanytide pattern is blessed by a Christian priest or minister on Epiphany Day, then taken home to write the pattern.^[7]

The Christian custom of chalking the door has a biblical precedent as the Israelites in the Old Testament marked their doors in order to be saved from death; likewise, the Epiphanytide practice serves to protect Christian homes from evil spirits until the next Epiphany Day, at which time the custom is repeated.^[8] Families also perform this act to represent the hospitality of the Holy Family to the Magi (and all Gentiles); it thus serves as a house blessing to invite the presence of God in one's home.^[9][a]

In 20th century Poland, the practice of chalking the door continued among believers as another way of asserting their Christian identity, despite the Eastern Bloc's state atheism and anti-religious campaigns.^[11]

Gallery

• 
  Epiphany season door chalking on an apartment door in Germany
• 
  Epiphany season door chalking on an apartment door in the Midwestern US
• 
  Epiphany season door chalking at the Villa Reepschlägerbahn in Germany
• 
  Epiphany door chalking at the Anglican Church of St Michael in Welling, London
• 
  Epiphany door chalking in Sexten, Italy
• 
  Epiphany door chalking in Heidelberg, Germany
• 
  Epiphany door chalking in Mittelberg, Austria

Footnotes

1. The blessing of homes, on whose lintels are inscribed the Cross of salvation, together with the indication of the year and the initials of the three wise men (C+M+B), which can also be interpreted to mean Christus mansionem benedicat, written in blessed chalk.

   This custom, often accompanied by processions of children accompanied by their parents, expresses the blessing of Christ through the intercession of the three wise men and is an occasion for gathering offerings for charitable and missionary purposes.^[10]