Centrum (multivitamin)

Centrum is an American brand of multivitamins produced by Haleon. It was designed by Dr. Ellenbogen's team, working at Lederle Laboratories, and was introduced in 1978. It has been owned by Wyeth, Pfizer, GSK.^[1], and now Haleon.

Centrum multivitamins in Australasian packaging

Centrum

Product type	Multivitamins
Owner	Haleon
Country	United States
Introduced	1978; 47 years ago (1978)
Previous owners	Wyeth Pfizer GSK
Website	www.centrum.com

Physicians' Health Study II

In 2012, the Physicians' Health Study II (PHS-II) found that participants who took a Centrum-brand multivitamin each day for an average of 11 years had no change in cancer mortality or cardiovascular disease mortality compared to the placebo group. The authors did find a slight reduction in cancer incidence although this conclusion was questioned in the Journal of the American Medical Association.^[2]

On October 17, 2012, researchers reported on a double-blind study of 14,641 male U.S. physicians initially aged 50 years or older (mean age of 64.3, standard deviation 9.2 years), that began in 1997 with treatment and follow-up through June 1, 2011. They compared total cancer (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) for participants taking a daily multivitamin (Centrum Silver by Pfizer) versus placebo. Compared with placebo, men taking a daily multivitamin had a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of total cancer, with a hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-0.998; P = .04). No statistically significant effects were found for any specific cancers or cancer mortality. The 95% CI of the hazard ratio implied a benefit of between 14% and .2% over placebo. In absolute terms the difference was 1.3 cancer diagnoses, per 1000 years of life (18.3-17 events, respectively). The median follow up time was 11.2 years.^[3] The paper's co-principal investigator, Dr. J. Michael Gaziano, a cardiologist, was quoted by The New York Times as saying "it certainly appears there is a modest reduction in the risk of cancer from a typical multivitamin."^[4] The study was also featured in The Wall Street Journal on October 17, 2012.^[5]

An editorial in the same issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), reflecting the opinion of JAMA, was dismissive of the report on several counts. First, they said, "it seems unlikely that a common characteristic across all diseases included under this wide category of cancer would be a protective effect from multivitamins", suggesting if no specific cancer was effected, why would general cancer risk be so affected. Second, they questioned the study's abilities to deliver on the question of whether a multivitamin would be protective in a well-nourished population (Bayesian probability) stating: "The plausibility of a protective effect is reduced by the absence of a clear path through which 30 different vitamins and minerals would cause a decline in the risk of multiple cancers and, especially, by the negative pattern of prior results." In addition the investigators observed no difference in effect whether the study participants were or were not adherent to the multivitamin intervention, which diminishes the dose–response relationship.^[2]

The editorial was critical of the statistical multiplicity (multiple comparisons): the complete planned analysis of the primary and secondary end points in the PHS II study would entail 28 tests of association; each of which has "some possibility of yielding a statistically significant result by chance alone, even when there is no true treatment effect. [...] when this finding is considered in the context of the number of already completed and planned analyses of the same study, the strength of the inference is weaker, because the likelihood of a randomly occurring finding [...] is much greater." They concluded that any of the conventional P value corrections for multiple comparisons would eliminate the apparent "statistical significance" of the results.^[2]

From the same double-blind study, they found that taking a daily multivitamin did not have any effect in reducing heart attacks and other major cardiovascular events, MI, stroke, and CVD mortality.^[6]

Contains

Incomplete list of the nutritional facts for each type of Centrum brand vitamin:

Centrum Mens

Centrum Mens - Supplement Facts^[7]

Serving Size = 1 Tablet

Vitamin	micrograms (mcg)	milligrams (mg)	grams (g)	Daily Value (%)
Vitamin A	1,050	1.05	0.00105	117 (29% as β-Carotene)
Vitamin C	90,000	90	0.09	100
Vitamin D3	25	0.025	0.000025	125
Vitamin E	20,300	20.3	0.0203	135
Vitamin K	60	0.060	0.000006	50
Thiamin	1,200	1.2	0.0012	100
Riboflavin	1,300	1.3	0.0013	100
Niacin	16,000	16	0.016	100
Vitamin B6	2,000	2	0.002	118
Folate	333	0.333	0.000333	83
Vitamin B12	6	0.006	0.00006	250
Biotin	40	0.04	0.0004	133
Pantothenic Acid	15,000	15	0.015	300
Calcium	210,000	210	0.21	16
Iron	8,000	8	0.008	44
Phosphorus	20,000	20	0.02	2
Iodine	150	0.15	0.00015	100
Magnesium	100,000	100	0.1	24
Zinc	11,000	11	0.01	100
Selenium	100	0.1	0.0001	182
Copper	900	0.9	0.0009	100
Manganese	2,300	2.3	0.0023	100
Chromium	35	0.035	0.000035	100
Molybdenum	50	0.05	0.00005	111
Chloride	7,2000	72	0.072	3
Potassium	8,000	80	0.08	2
Lycopene	600	0.6	0.0006	NE

NE = Not Established

Centrum Womens

Centrum Womens - Supplement Facts^[8]

Serving Size = 1 Tablet

Vitamin	micrograms (mcg)	milligrams (mg)	grams (g)	Daily Value (%)
Vitamin A	1,050	1.05	0.00105	117 (29% as β-Carotene)
Vitamin C	75,000	75	0.075	83
Vitamin D3	25	0.025	0.000025	125
Vitamin E	15,800	15.8	0.0203	105
Vitamin K	50	0.050	0.000005	42
Thiamin	1,100	1.1	0.0011	92
Riboflavin	1,100	1.1	0.0011	85
Niacin	14,000	14	0.014	88
Vitamin B6	2,000	2	0.002	118
Folate	667	0.667	0.000667	167
Vitamin B12	6	0.006	0.00006	250
Biotin	40	0.04	0.0004	133
Pantothenic Acid	15,000	15	0.015	300
Calcium	200,000	200	0.20	15
Iron	18,000	18	0.018	100
Phosphorus	20,000	20	0.02	2
Iodine	150	0.15	0.00015	100
Magnesium	100,000	100	0.1	24
Zinc	8,000	8	0.08	24
Selenium	18	0.018	0.0000018	33
Copper	00	0.5	0.0005	56
Manganese	1,800	1.8	0.0018	78
Chromium	32	0.032	0.000032	91
Molybdenum	50	0.05	0.00005	111
Chloride	7,2000	72	0.072	3
Potassium	8,000	80	0.08	2

Centrum Adults

Centrum Adults - Supplement Facts^[9]

Serving Size = 1 Tablet

Vitamin	micrograms (mcg)	milligrams (mg)	grams (g)	Daily Value (%)
Vitamin A	1,050	1.05	0.00105	117 (29% as β-Carotene)
Vitamin C	60,000	60	0.06	67
Vitamin D3	25	0.025	0.000025	125
Vitamin E	13,500	13.5	0.0135	90
Vitamin K	25	0.025	0.0000025	21
Thiamin	1,500	1.5	0.0015	125
Riboflavin	1,700	1.7	0.0017	100
Niacin	20,000	20	0.020	125
Vitamin B6	2,000	2	0.002	118
Folate	667	0.667	0.000667	167
Vitamin B12	6	0.006	0.00006	250
Biotin	30	0.03	0.0003	100
Pantothenic Acid	10,000	10	0.010	200
Calcium	200,000	200	0.20	15
Iron	18,000	18	0.0018	100
Phosphorus	20,000	20	0.02	2
Iodine	150	0.15	0.00015	100
Magnesium	50,000	50	0.050	12
Zinc	11,000	11	0.01	100
Selenium	55	0.055	0.000055	100
Copper	500	0.5	0.0005	56
Manganese	2,300	2.3	0.0023	100
Chromium	35	0.035	0.000035	100
Molybdenum	45	0.045	0.000045	100
Chloride	7,2000	72	0.072	3
Potassium	8,000	80	0.08	2

References

1. "Wyeth sued by teachers group over Centrum ads". National Post. 2003-09-18. p. 2.
2. Bach, Peter B.; Lewis, Roger J. (14 November 2012). "Multiplicities in the Assessment of Multiple Vitamins Is It Too Soon to Tell Men That Vitamins Prevent Cancer?". The Journal of the American Medical Association. 308 (18): 1916–1917. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.53273. PMID 23150011.
3. Gaziano, J. Michael; Sesso, Howard D.; Christen, William G.; Bubes, Vadim; Smith, Joanne P.; MacFadyen, Jean; Schvartz, Miriam; Manson, JoAnn E.; Glynn, Robert J.; Buring, Julie E. (October 17, 2012). "Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cancer in Men - The Physicians' Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial". JAMA. 308 (18): 1871–80. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14641. PMC 3517179. PMID 23162860.
4. Rabin, Roni Caryn (October 17, 2012). "Daily Multivitamin May Reduce Cancer Risk, Clinical Trial Finds". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
5. Winslow, Ron (18 October 2012). "Multivitamin Cuts Cancer Risk, Large Study Finds". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
6. Sesso, Howard D.; Christen, William G.; Bubes, Vadim; Smith, Joanne P.; MacFadyen, Jean; Schvartz, Miriam; Manson, JoAnn E.; Glynn, Robert J.; Buring, Julie E.; Gaziano, J. Michael (November 7, 2012). "Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men - The Physicians' Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial". JAMA. 308 (17): 1751–60. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14805. PMC 3501249. PMID 23117775.
7. https://www.centrum.com/content/dam/cf-consumer-healthcare/bp-wellness-centrum/en_US/pdf/lbl-00000770-web-ready-centrum-men-tablets-(version-2).pdf Archived 2021-04-25 at the Wayback Machine ^{[bare URL PDF]}
8. https://www.centrum.com/content/dam/cf-consumer-healthcare/bp-wellness-centrum/en_US/pdf/lbl-00000773-web-ready-centrum-women-(version-2).pdf Archived 2021-04-25 at the Wayback Machine ^{[bare URL PDF]}
9. https://www.centrum.com/content/dam/cf-consumer-healthcare/bp-wellness-centrum/en_US/pdf/lbl-00000767-web-ready-centrum-adults-(version-2).pdf Archived 2021-04-25 at the Wayback Machine ^{[bare URL PDF]}

External links

• Official website
• Official UK website