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Annual award for writing a children's book published in the UK From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Carnegie Medal for Writing, established in 1936 as the Carnegie Medal, is an annual British literary award for English-language books for children or young adults. It is conferred upon the author by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP), who in 2016 called it "the UK's oldest and most prestigious book award for children's writing".[1]
The Carnegie Medal for Writing | |
---|---|
Awarded for | Outstanding new English-language book for children or young adults |
Sponsored by | Scholastic, ALCS |
Reward(s) | £5,000 |
First awarded | 1936 |
Last awarded | Active |
Website | carnegies |
Nominated books must be written in English and first published in the UK during the preceding school year (September to August).[2] Until 1969, the award was limited to books by British authors first published in England.[3] The first non-British medalist was Australian author Ivan Southall for Josh (1972). The original rules also prohibited winning authors from future consideration.[3] The first author to win a second Carnegie Medal was Peter Dickinson in 1981, who won consecutively for Tulku and City of Gold. As of 2024, eight authors had received the Medal more than once.
The winner is awarded a gold medal and £500 worth of books donated to the winner's chosen library. In addition, since 2016 the winner has received a £5,000 cash prize from the Colin Mears bequest.[4][5]
The Medal is named after the Scottish-born American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919), who founded more than 2,800 libraries in the English-speaking world, including at least one in more than half of British library authorities.[4] It was established in 1936 by the British Library Association, to celebrate the centenary of Carnegie's birth,[4][6] and inaugurated in 1937 with the award to Arthur Ransome for Pigeon Post (1936) and the identification of two "commended" books.[6] This first Medal was dated 1936, but since 2007 the award has been dated by its year of presentation, not year of publication.[7]
In 1955, the Kate Greenaway Medal, for "distinguished illustration in a book for children", was established as a companion to the Carnegie Medal.[8]
Both awards were established and administered by the Library Association, until it was succeeded by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) in 2002.[6] In 2022, the two awards were renamed to the Carnegie Medal for Writing and the Carnegie Medal for Illustration.[9]
From 2022 to 2024, the award was sponsored by the audio technology company Yoto and was called the Yoto Carnegie Medal for Writing.[10] As of 2025 the awards are sponsored by Scholastic and the Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS).[11]
CILIP members may nominate books each September and October, with the full list of valid nominations published in November.[12] The longlist, chosen by the judges from the nominated books, is published in February. The judging panel comprises 12 children's librarians, all of whom are members of CILIP's Youth Libraries Group (YLG). The shortlist is announced in March and the winner in June.[12]
Titles must be English-language works first published in the UK during the preceding year (1 September to 31 August). According to CILIP, "all categories of books, including poetry, non-fiction and graphic novels, in print or ebook format, for children and young people are eligible".[2] Multiple-author anthologies are excluded; however, co-authored single works are eligible.[2]
Young people from across the UK take part in shadowing groups organised by secondary schools and public libraries, to read and discuss the shortlisted books.[12]
CILIP instructs the judging panel to consider plot, characterisation, and style.[2] Furthermore, it states that "the book that wins the Carnegie Medal should be a book of outstanding literary quality. The whole work should provide pleasure, not merely from the surface enjoyment of a good read, but also the deeper subconscious satisfaction of having gone through a vicarious, but at the time of reading, a real experience that is retained afterwards."[2]
A diversity review in 2018 led to changes in the nomination and judging process to promote better representation of ethnic minority authors and books.[13]
Joseph Coelho won the 2024 Carnegie Medal for The Boy Lost in the Maze,[14] a verse novel that uses the legend of the Minotaur in a tale of a teenager searching for his biological father.
There were eight books on the 2024 shortlist:[15]
As of 2024, 85 Medals have been awarded over 88 years, spanning the period from 1936 to 2024. No eligible book published in 1943, 1945, or 1966 was considered suitable by the judging panel.[7]
From 2007 onward, the medals are dated by the year of presentation. Prior to this, they were dated by the calendar year of their British publication.[7]
Forty-one winning books were illustrated in their first editions, including every one during the first three decades. Six from 1936 to 1953 were illustrated or co-illustrated by their authors; none since then.
To commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Carnegie Medal in 2007, CILIP created a 'Living Archive' on the Carnegie Medal website with information about each of the winning books and conducted a poll to identify the nation's favourite Carnegie Medal winner, to be named the "Carnegie of Carnegies". The winner, announced on 21 June 2007 at the British Library, was Northern Lights by Philip Pullman (1995). It was the expected winner, garnering 40% of the votes in the UK, and 36% worldwide.[33]
70th Anniversary Top Ten
Northern Lights, with 40% of the public vote, was followed by 16% for Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce and 8% for Skellig by David Almond. As those three books had won the 70-year-old Medal in its year 60, year 23, and year 63, some commentary observed that Tom's Midnight Garden had passed a test of time that the others had not yet faced.[34]
Prior to 2007, the award year matched books' year of publication with selection announced and medals presented early the following year.[35]
Year | Author | Title | Publisher | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1936 | Arthur Ransome | Pigeon Post | Jonathan Cape | Winner | |
Howard Spring | Sampson's Circus | Commended | |||
Noel Streatfeild | Ballet Shoes | Commended | |||
1937 | Eve Garnett[a] | The Family from One End Street | Frederick Muller | Winner | [17] |
1938 | Noel Streatfeild | The Circus Is Coming | J. M. Dent | Winner | |
1939 | Eleanor Doorly | The Radium Woman | Heinemann | Winner |
Year | Author | Title | Publisher | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1940 | Kitty Barne | Visitors from London | J. M. Dent | Winner | |
1941 | Mary Treadgold | We Couldn't Leave Dinah | Jonathan Cape | Winner | |
1942 | BB | The Little Grey Men | Eyre & Spottiswoode | Winner | [17] |
1943 | Prize withheld as no book considered suitable | ||||
1944 | Eric Linklater | The Wind on the Moon | Macmillan | Winner | |
1945 | Prize withheld as no book considered suitable | ||||
1946 | Elizabeth Goudge | The Little White Horse | University of London | Winner | [17] |
1947 | Walter de la Mare | Collected Stories for Children | Faber & Faber | Winner | |
1948 | Richard Armstrong | Sea Change | J. M. Dent | Winner | |
1949 | Agnes Allen, illus. Agnes and Jack Allen | The Story of Your Home | Faber & Faber | Winner |
Year | Author | Title | Publisher | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | Ian Wolfran Cornwall, illus. by Marjorie Maitland Howard | The Making of Man | Phoenix House | Winner | |
Hester Burton | The Great Gale | Commended | |||
Robert Graves | The Penny Fiddle | Commended | |||
Frederick Grice | The Bonny Pit Laddie | Commended | |||
Mary K. Harris | Seraphina | Commended | |||
Ian Serraillier | The Ivory Horn | Commended | |||
1961 | Lucy M. Boston | A Stranger at Green Knowe | Faber & Faber | Winner | [17] |
Antonia Forest | Peter's Room | Commended | |||
Rumer Godden | Miss Happiness and Miss Flower | Commended | |||
James Reeves | Ragged Robin | Commended | |||
John Verney | February's Road | Commended | |||
1962 | Pauline Clarke | The Twelve and the Genii | Faber & Faber | Winner | |
Gillian Avery | The Greatest Gresham | Commended | |||
Hester Burton | Castors Away | Commended | |||
Samuel E. Ellacott | Armour and Blade | Commended | |||
Penelope Farmer | The Summer Birds | Commended | |||
Jo Manton | The Story of John Keats | Commended | |||
K. M. Peyton | Windfall | Commended | |||
1963 | Hester Burton | Time of Trial | Oxford University Press | Winner | |
Eric Allan | The Latchkey Children | Commended | |||
Ralph Arnold | Kings, Bishops, Knights, and Pawns: Life in a Feudal Society | Commended | |||
Margaret J. Baker | Castaway Christmas | Commended | |||
Antonia Forest | The Thursday Kidnapping | Commended | |||
John Rowe Townsend | Hell's Edge | Commended | |||
1964 | Sheena Porter | Nordy Bank | Oxford University Press | Winner | |
Eric S. de Mare | London's Riverside | Commended | |||
Jenny Grace Fyson | The Three Brothers of Ur | Commended | |||
C. Walter Hodges | Namesake | Commended | |||
K. M. Peyton | The Maplin Bird | Commended | |||
1965 | Philip Turner | The Grange at High Force | Oxford University Press | Winner | |
Alan Garner | Elidor | Commended | |||
Jenny Grace Fyson | The Journey of the Eldest Son | Commended | |||
Mary K. Harris | The Bus Girls | Commended | |||
C. Headington | The Orchestra and Its Instruments | Commended | |||
K. M. Peyton | The Plan for Birdmarsh | Commended | |||
Barbara Leonie Picard | One is One | Commended | |||
1966 | Prize withheld as no book considered suitable[c] | ||||
Norman Denny and Josephine Filmer-Sankey | The Bayeux Tapestry: The Story of the Norman Conquest, 1066 | Highly commended | |||
Helen Griffith | The Wild Horse of Santander | Commended | |||
K. M. Peyton | Thunder in the Sky | Commended | |||
Morna Stuart | Marassa and Midnight | Commended | |||
1967 | Alan Garner | The Owl Service[a] | Collins | Winner | [17] |
Henry Treece | The Dream Time | Highly commended | |||
Helen Cresswell | The Piemakers | Commended | |||
Leon Garfield | Smith | Commended | |||
K. M. Peyton | Flambards | Commended | |||
1968 | Rosemary Harris | The Moon in the Cloud | Faber & Faber | Winner | |
Joan Aiken | The Whispering Mountain | Commended | |||
Margaret Balderson | When Jays Fly to Barbmo | Commended | |||
Leon Garfield | Black Jack | Commended | |||
1969 | K. M. Peyton | The Edge of the Cloud | Oxford University Press | Winner | [17] |
Helen Cresswell | The Night Watchman | Commended | |||
K. M. Peyton | Flambards in Summer | Commended | |||
John Rowe Townsend | The Intruder | Commended |
Year | Author | Title | Publisher | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | Peter Dickinson, illus. by Michael Foreman | City of Gold and other stories from the Old Testament | Gollancz | Winner | |
Jan Mark | Nothing To Be Afraid Of | Highly commended | |||
John Branfield | The Fox in Winter | Commended | |||
Jan Needle | A Sense of Shame | Commended | |||
1981 | Robert Westall | The Scarecrows | Chatto & Windus | Winner | |
Jane Gardam | The Hollow Land | Highly commended | |||
Jane Gardam | Bridget and William | Commended | |||
Michelle Magorian | Goodnight Mister Tom | Commended | |||
1982 | Margaret Mahy | The Haunting | J. M. Dent | Winner | [17] |
Gillian Cross | The Dark Behind the Curtain | Highly commended | |||
Tim Kennemore | Wall of Words | Commended | |||
1983 | Jan Mark | Handles | Kestrel | Winner | |
James Watson | Talking in Whispers | Highly commended | |||
Philippa Pearce | The Way to Sattin Shore | Commended | |||
Patricia Wrightson | A Little Fear | Commended | |||
1984 | Margaret Mahy | The Changeover | J. M. Dent | Winner | |
Robert Swindells | Brother in the Land | Oxford University Press | Highly commended | ||
1985 | Kevin Crossley-Holland, illus. Alan Marks | Storm[a] | Heinemann | Winner | [17] |
Janni Howker | Nature of the Beast | Highly commended | |||
1986 | Berlie Doherty | Granny Was a Buffer Girl | Methuen Publishing | Winner | [17] |
Janni Howker | Isaac Campion | Highly commended | |||
Bernard Ashley | Running Scared | Commended | |||
Gillian Cross | Chartbreaker | Commended | |||
Andrew Taylor | Coal House | Commended | |||
1987 | Susan Price | The Ghost Drum | Faber & Faber | Winner | |
Margaret Mahy | Memory | Highly commended | |||
Eileen Dunlop | The House on the Hill | Commended | |||
Monica Furlong | Wise Child | Commended | |||
Michael Morpurgo | King of the Cloud Forests | Commended | |||
1988 | Geraldine McCaughrean | A Pack of Lies | Oxford University Press | Winner | [17] |
Gillian Cross | A Map of Nowhere | Highly commended | |||
Peter Dickinson | Eva | Gollancz | Highly commended | ||
Elizabeth Laird | Red Sky in the Morning | Highly commended | |||
Vivien Alcock | The Monster Garden | Commended | |||
Judy Allen | Awaiting Developments | Commended | |||
Diana Wynne Jones | The Lives of Christopher Chant | Commended | |||
1989 | Anne Fine | Goggle-Eyes | Hamish Hamilton | Winner | [17] |
Anne Fine, illus. by Philippe Dupasquier | Bill's New Frock | Egmont | Highly commended | ||
Carole Lloyd | The Charlie Barber Treatment | Highly commended | |||
Vivien Alcock | The Trial of Anna Cotman | Commended |
Beginning in 2003, commendations were not presented, only short and longlists; only the shortlists are presented below.
Year | Author | Title | Publisher | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | Anthony McGowan | Lark | Barrington Stoke | Winner | [66] |
Dean Atta, illus. by Anshika Khullar | The Black Flamingo | Hachette Children's Group | Shortlist | [67] | |
Nick Lake | Nowhere on Earth | Hachette Children's Group | Shortlist | [67] | |
Randy Ribay | Patron Saints of Nothing | Little Tiger | Shortlist | [67] | |
Annet Schaap, trans. by Laura Watkinson | Lampie | Pushkin Children's Books | Shortlist | [67] | |
Marcus Sedgwick and Julian Sedgwick, illus. by Alexis Deacon | Voyages in the Underworld of Orpheus Black | Walker | Shortlist | [67] | |
Angie Thomas | On the Come Up | Walker | Shortlist | [67] | |
Chris Vick | Girl. Boy. Sea. | Head of Zeus | Shortlist | [67] | |
2021 | Jason Reynolds | Look Both Ways | Knights Of | Winner | [30][68] |
Elizabeth Acevedo | Clap When You Land | Hot Key Books | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
Sophie Anderson, illus. by Kathrin Honesta | The Girl Who Speaks Bear | Usborne | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
Joseph Coelho, illus. by Kate Milner | The Girl Who Became A Tree | Otter-Barry Books | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
Marie-Louise Fitzpatrick | On Midnight Beach | Faber & Faber | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
Manjeet Mann | Run, Rebel | Penguin | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
Ruta Sepetys | The Fountains of Silence | Penguin | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
Lauren Wolk | Echo Mountain | Penguin | Shortlist | [69][70] | |
2022 | Katya Balen, illus. by Angela Harding | October, October | Bloomsbury | Winner | [31] |
Sue Divin | Guard Your Heart | Pan Macmillan | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
Phil Earle | When the Sky Falls | Andersen Press | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
Bonnie-Sue Hitchcock | Everyone Dies Famous in a Small Town | Faber & Faber | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
Manjeet Mann | The Crossing | Penguin | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
Julian Sedgwick, illus. by Chie Kutsuwada | Tsunami Girl | Guppy Publishing | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
Alex Wheatle | Cane Warriors | Andersen Press | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
Ibi Zoboi and Yusef Salaam | Punching the Air | HarperCollins | Shortlist | [71][72] | |
2023 | Manon Steffan Ros | The Blue Book of Nebo | Firefly Press | Winner | [73] |
Katya Balen | The Light in Everything | Bloomsbury Children’s Books | Shortlist | [74][75] | |
Sita Brahmachari | When Shadows Fall | Little Tiger | Shortlist | [74][75] | |
Jessie Burton | Medusa | Bloomsbury Children’s Books | Shortlist | [74][75] | |
Louise Finch | The Eternal Return of Clara Hart | Little Island | Shortlist | [74][75] | |
Patrice Lawrence | Needle | Barrington Stoke | Shortlist | [74][75] | |
Ruta Sepetys | I Must Betray You | Hodder Children's Books | Shortlist | [74][75] | |
2024 | Joseph Coelho, illus. by Kate Milner | The Boy Lost in the Maze | Otter-Barry Books | Winner | [15][76] |
Kwame Alexander | The Door of No Return | Andersen | Shortlist | [15][76] | |
Zillah Bethell | The Song Walker | Usborne | Shortlist | [15][76] | |
Sophie Cameron | Away with Words | Little Tiger | Shortlist | [15][76] | |
Nicola Davies, illus. by Petr Horáček | Choose Love | Graffeg | Shortlist | [15][76] | |
Tia Fisher | Crossing the Line | Bonnier | Shortlist | [15][76] | |
Hiba Noor Khan | Safiyyah's War | Andersen | Shortlist | [15][76] | |
Nathanael Lessore | Steady for This | Bonnier | Shortlist | [15][76] |
Eight authors have won two Carnegie Medals, which was prohibited for many years.[citation needed] Additionally, several authors have been shortlisted and/or commended multiple times.
The table below provides a list of authors who have been honoured, sorted first by number of honors and the rank of the honor (e.g., win is higher than commendation), then by the authors' last name. For the sake of ease, shortlists are considered of equal rank to commendations, though lower than high commendations. The table was last updated in March 2024.
Author | Wins | High commendations | Commendations | Shortlists |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anne Fine | 2 (1989, 1992) | 3 (1989, 1996, 2002) | 2 (2007, 2014) | |
Robert Westall | 2 (1975, 1981) | 2 (1990, 1992) | 1 (2007)[j] | |
Peter Dickinson | 2 (1979, 1980) | 1 (1988) | 4 (1970, 1972, 1976, 1992) | |
Geraldine McCaughrean | 2 (1988, 2018) | 1 (2001) | 3 (2005, 2011, 2015) | |
Jan Mark | 2 (1976, 1983) | 1 (1980) | 1 (2005) | |
Berlie Doherty | 2 (1986, 1991) | 1 (1994) | ||
Margaret Mahy | 2 (1982, 1984) | 1 (1987) | ||
Patrick Ness | 2 (2011, 2012) | 5 (2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2018) | ||
K. M. Peyton | 1 (1969) | 6 (1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969) | ||
William Mayne | 1 (1957) | 5 (1955, 1956, 1957, 1970)[k] | ||
Rosemary Sutcliff | 1 (1959) | 5 (1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1971) | ||
Gillian Cross | 1 (1990) | 4 (1982, 1986, 1988, 1992) | ||
Melvin Burgess | 1 (1996) | 3 (1990, 1993, 2000) | 2 (1996, 2007)[l] | |
Philippa Pearce | 1 (1958) | 3 (1977, 1979, 1983) | 1 (2007)[m] | |
Leon Garfield | 1 (1970) | 3 (1967, 1968, 1970) | ||
Lucy M. Boston | 1 (1961) | 2 (1954, 1958) | ||
Hester Burton | 1 (1963) | 2 (1960, 1962) | ||
Philip Pullman | 1 (1995) | 1 (2000) | 2 (2004, 2007)[n] | |
Sharon Creech | 1 (2002) | 1 (2001) | 1 (2004) | |
Alan Garner | 1 (1967) | 1 (1965) | 1 (2007)[o] | |
Mary Norton | 1 (1952) | 1 (1959) | 1 (2007)[p] | |
Terry Pratchett | 1 (2008) | 1 (1996) | 1 (2010) | |
Cynthia Harnett | 1 (1951) | 1 (1959) | ||
C. S. Lewis | 1 (1956) | 1 (1954) | ||
Noel Streatfeild | 1 (1938) | 1 (1936) | ||
Robert Swindells | 1 (1993) | 1 (1984) | ||
David Almond | 1 (1998) | 4 (2003, 2005, 2007, 2012)[q] | ||
Frank Cottrell-Boyce | 1 (2004) | 3 (2005, 2009, 2017) | ||
Ruta Sepetys | 1 (2017) | 3 (2012, 2021, 2023) | ||
Kevin Brooks | 1 (2014) | 2 (2007, 2009) | ||
Sarah Crossan | 1 (2016) | 2 (2013, 2015) | ||
Kevin Crossley-Holland | 1 (1985) | 2 (1985, 2008)[r] | ||
Philip Reeve | 1 (2008) | 2 (2010, 2017) | ||
Meg Rosoff | 1 (2007) | 2 (2008, 2011) | ||
Katya Balen | 1 (2022) | 1 (2023) | ||
Theresa Breslin | 1 (1994) | 1 (2011) | ||
Siobhan Dowd | 1 (2009) | 1 (2007) | ||
Sally Gardner | 1 (2013) | 1 (2015) | ||
Tanya Landman | 1 (2015) | 1 (2008) | ||
Anthony McGowan | 1 (2020) | 1 (2018) | ||
Mal Peet | 1 (2005) | 1 (2017) | ||
Jason Reynolds | 1 (2021) | 1 (2019) | ||
Helen Cresswell | 4 (1969, 1971, 1973, 1967) | |||
Gillian Avery | 3 (1957, 1962, 1971) | |||
Antonia Forest | 3 (1957, 1961, 1963) | |||
Diana Wynne Jones | 3 (1975, 1977, 1988) | |||
Barbara Leonie Picard | 3 (1954, 1956, 1965) | |||
Susan Cooper | 2 (1973, 1975) | 1 (2014) | ||
Vivien Alcock | 2 (1988, 1989) | |||
Bernard Ashley | 2 (1979, 1986) | |||
Jenny Grace Fyson | 2 (1964, 1965) | |||
Rumer Godden | 2 (1956, 1961) | |||
Mary K. Harris | 2 (1960, 1965) | |||
Janni Howker | 2 (1985, 1986) | |||
Jo Manton | 2 (1955, 1962) | |||
James Reeves | 2 (1954, 1961) | |||
Ian Serraillier | 2 (1956, 1960) | |||
John Rowe Townsend | 2 (1963, 1969) | |||
John Verney | 2 (1959, 1961) | |||
Jacqueline Wilson | 2 (1991, 1995) | |||
Elizabeth Laird | 1 (1988) | 3 (2003, 2008, 2015) | ||
Jane Gardam | 1 (1981) | 1 (1981) | ||
Michael Morpurgo | 1 (1987) | 1 (2003) | ||
Marcus Sedgwick | 7 (2007, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020) | |||
Frances Hardinge | 3 (2015, 2016, 2019) | |||
Nick Lake | 3 (2013, 2016, 2020) | |||
Lauren Wolk | 3 (2017, 2018, 2021) | |||
Elizabeth Acevedo | 2 (2019, 2021) | |||
Sophie Anderson | 2 (2019, 2021) | |||
Lissa Evans | 2 (2012, 2018) | |||
Bonnie-Sue Hitchcock | 2 (2017, 2022) | |||
Manjeet Mann | 2 (2021, 2022) | |||
Kate Saunders | 2 (2016, 2019) | |||
Angie Thomas | 2 (2018, 2020) | |||
Jenny Valentine | 2 (2008, 2016) | |||
Joseph Coelho | 2 (2021, 2024) |
Six books have won both the Carnegie Medal and the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, which was inaugurated 1967.(Dates are years of U.K. publication, and Carnegie award dates before 2006.)
Only A Monster Calls, written by Patrick Ness and illustrated by Jim Kay, has won both the Carnegie and Greenaway Medals (2012).
Only The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman (2009) has won both the Carnegie Medal and the equivalent American award, the Newbery Medal.[77]
Sharon Creech, who won the Carnegie for Ruby Holler (2002), previously won the Newbery and two U.K. awards for Walk Two Moons (1994).[78]
Four writers have won both the Carnegie and the US Michael L. Printz Award. The Printz Award is an American Library Association literary award that annually recognises the "best book written for teens, based entirely on its literary merit". The four writers are David Almond, Aidan Chambers, Geraldine McCaughrean, and Meg Rosoff. Chambers alone has won both for the same book, the 1999 Carnegie and 2003 Printz for the novel Postcards from No Man's Land.[7][79][80]
In its scope, books for children or young adults, the British Carnegie corresponds to the American Newbery and Printz awards.
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