Cardaces

The Cardaces (or Kardakes, meaning "foreign mercenary"^[1]) were a professional heavy infantry mustering of the Achaemenid Persian army. They were formed some time before the Macedonian invasion^{[broken anchor]} (334 BCE).

There are debates among historians about the armament and tactics used by the Cardaces. The Persian army had earlier become heavily dependent upon Greek mercenaries and it may have been intended that the Cardaces – as Persian subjects – would complement the mercenaries.

According to Kambouris (2022), Kardaka may refer to the ethnic Persian draftees who were sparabara archers initially and later redelegated as armored close-quarter soldiers.^[2]