China Railway CRH1

The CRH1 EMU, also known as Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; lit. 'Harmony'), is a high-speed train operated by China Railway and built by a joint venture between Bombardier Transportation and Sifang at Bombardier Sifang Power Transportation factory in Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.

China Railways CRH1 EMU
CRH1A at Xiamen railway station
In service	1 February 2007–present
Manufacturer	Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd. (Bombardier Transportation and CSR Sifang)
Family name	Regina Zefiro
Number built	CRH1A: 128 trainsets (1024 cars) CRH1A–A: 87 trainsets (696 cars) CRH1B: 24 trainsets (384 cars) CRH1E: 15 trainsets (240 cars) CRH1E–NG: 5 trainsets (80 cars) CRH380D: 85 trainsets (680 cars)
Formation	CRH1A/A–A: eight cars per trainset (5M3T) CRH1B/E/E–NG: 16 cars per trainset (10M6T) CRH380D: eight cars per trainset (4M4T)
Capacity	CRH1A: 668 or 611 or 646 or 635 CRH1A–A: 613 CRH1B: 1299 CRH1E/E–NG: 618 or 642 CRH380D: 495
Operators	China Railway - CR Guangzhou - CR Shanghai - CR Nanchang - CR Chengdu
Lines served	High speed and major conventional rail lines in southern China
Specifications
Car body construction	CRH1A/B/E: Stainless Steel CRH1A–A/E–NG/380D: Aluminium Alloy
Train length	CRH1A: 213.5 m (700 ft 6 in) CRH1A–A: 207.9 m (682 ft 1 in) CRH1B: 426.3 m (1,398 ft 7 in) CRH1E: 428.9 m (1,407 ft 2 in) CRH1E–NG: 413.1 m (1,355 ft 4 in) CRH380D: 215.3 m (706 ft 4 in)
Platform height	500–1,250 mm (1 ft 7.7 in – 4 ft 1.2 in)
Maximum speed	CRH1A:200 km/h (124 mph)or 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH1A–A/B/E/E–NG:250 km/h (155 mph) CRH380D: 380 km/h (236 mph)
Weight	CRH1A/A–A:435 t (428 long tons; 480 short tons) CRH1B:850 t (837 long tons; 937 short tons) CRH1E/E–NG:890 t (876 long tons; 981 short tons) CRH380D:450 t (443 long tons; 496 short tons)
Traction system	Water cooling IGBT-VVVF inverter control (Bombardier MITRAC 1000)[1][2]
Traction motors	3-phase AC induction motor (Bombardier DR-1200 [CRH1A] or DR-1500 [CRH1B/E])
Power output	CRH1A: 5.3 MW (7,107 hp) CRH1A–A: 5.5 MW (7,376 hp) CRH1B/E/E–NG: 11 MW (14,751 hp) CRH380D: 10 MW (13,410 hp)
Transmission	AC-DC-AC
Acceleration	CRH1A/B/E:Maximum 0.6 m/s2 (1.3 mph/s) CRH380D: 0.48 m/s2 (1.1 mph/s)
Deceleration	CRH1A:Emergency 1.2 m/s2 (2.7 mph/s) General 0.8 m/s2 (1.8 mph/s)
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead catenary
Current collector(s)	Pantograph
Braking system(s)	Regenerative, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

At the same time as ordering the Shinkansen-based CRH2A and the Pendolino-based CRH5A, the Chinese Ministry of Railways ordered Bombardier-based CRH1, specifically 20 CRH1A trainsets in June 2007 and an additional 20 CRH1A trains, each with eight cars that have total standard capacity of 670 people. The total value of the order is €560 million.^[3] In July 2010, a further 40 CRH1A eight-car trains were ordered.^[4]

Variants

Regina in Sweden. The Regina trains in Sweden are wider than the CRH1 since they are built to make full use of the wider loading gauge used in Sweden.

Early version of China railways CRH1A

CRH1A

CRH1A and CRH1B are based on Bombardier's Regina family.^[5] The train was designed by Sifang and Bombardier jointly in Västerås, Sweden and originally named C2008.^[3][5]

Each CRH1A set consists of eight cars, the first batch (CRH₁-001A~CRH₁-040A) including two first class coaches (ZY), 5 second class coaches (ZE) and 1 second class coach/dining car (ZEC).the second batch (CRH₁-081A~CRH₁-120A) including two first class coaches (ZY), one first class/second class coaches (ZYE), four second class coaches (ZE) and 1 second class coach/dining car (ZEC). The potential maximum speed of CRH1A is 250 km/h (155 mph), but in fact the maximum speed of the initial 40 sets in operation is always restricted by the software of computer control system, so the maximum speed in service is 220 km/h (137 mph).

The first units (CRH₁-001A) were delivered on August 30, 2006,^[6] the CRH1A sets started service from February 1, 2007 at the Guangzhou -Shenzhen Railway. The 2 problems of this train is that this train is made out of stainless steel, so when the train go through tunnels, the passenger with have some ear sensitivity. This train had been given a nickname, big metro. The seats can't turn around, so half of the passengers have backward seats. The only good thing is that having fixed chairs with have more space, so CRH1A has can carry the most people.

In July 2010, the Chinese MOR ordered additional 40 sets of CRH1A, The designed top operating speed increased to 250 km/h (155 mph), In September 2010, during test run at Qinshen PDL, top speed of CRH₁-081A reach 278 km/h (173 mph).^[7]

From July 1, 2014, all CRH series EMU numbers have been changed. The original number is (CRH₁—xxxA), and now it is changed to (CRH1A-1xxx). Production EMUs after that date are in accordance with the new regulations.

CRH1A-A

Further information: Bombardier Zefiro § Zefiro 250

• 
  CRH1A-A at Chaoshan railway station
• 
  CRH1A-A First Class
• 
  CRH1A-A second class

In September 2012, The MOR issued a revision in the Zefiro contract, which calls for the order of an additional 106 eight car Zefiro 250 (46 sets) and Zefiro 250NG (60 sets) train sets in lieu of the cancellation of the 16 car Zefiro 380 sets. The NG variant is a new model, which will use new materials in order to achieve weight reductions and more efficient operation.^[8]

CRH1B

On October 31, 2007, the Chinese MOR ordered 20 sets of CRH1B trains (CRH₁-041B～CRH₁-060B). CRH1B is a fleet-extended CRH1A. Each CRH1B consists of 16 cars, including three first class coaches (ZY), 12 second class coaches (ZE) and one dining car (CA). CRH1B, however, have not such restriction on the operational speed, the maximum speed is still 250 km/h (155 mph). CRH1B first come into commercial use in April 2009, between Shanghai–Nanjing & Shanghai–Hangzhou.^[9]

On July 23, 2011, CRH1-046B was hit on ZY104600 car by CRH2-139E in Yongtaiwen PFL accident.

CRH1E

Main article: Bombardier Zefiro

On October 31, 2007, the Chinese MOR ordered 20 sets of CRH1E trains (CRH₁-061E～CRH₁-080E). The CRH1E is the first high-speed 16-car sleeper train (10M6T) in the world which is based on Bombardier's ZEFIRO 250 km/h (155 mph) design. The train was designed by Bombardier and Zagato. Each train set from the first 12 trainsets consists of one luxury sleeper (WG), 12 soft sleepers (WR), two second-class coaches (ZE), and one dining car (CA). The first CRH1E trainset delivered in October 2009, first came into service on November 4, 2009, between Beijing–Shanghai. In fact, only 15 CRH1Es were delivered, three of which had the luxury sleeper replaced with normal sleepers. The other five ended up being CRH1Bs, this time based on the CRH1E design (instead of CRH1A). Later on five additional CRH1Es (based on the CRH1A-A design) have also been manufactured and delivered.^[9]

• 
  CRH1E
• 
  Two CRH1 series E high-speed trains in Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station
• 
  Leisure area of CRH1E
• 
  Deluxe Sleeper Compartment of CRH1E

CRH1E-NG

CRH1E-NG at Beijing South Railway Station

CRH1E-NG (NG=New Generation), or CRH1E-250 was introduced in December 2015 as supplemental trains to the first-generation CRH1E. The head shape resembled similar to the CRH1A-A, which also belongs to the Bombardier ZEFIRO platform. In addition, the original stainless steel body was changed to an aluminum alloy body to improve the air tightness of the car body. The train consists of 16 cars with 10 motors and 6 tractors and a power of 11,000kW. The maximum operating speed is 250km/h, and the maximum test speed is 280km/h.

CRH1E-NG is designed as a sleeper EMU, mainly running at night, but in actual situations, it will run some short-distance EMUs (it once carried the train numbers D2348 and D2347). Therefore, the soft sleeper berth of the CRH1E-NG EMU has an adjustable seat design, and the bed board of the upper bunk is changed to a flip-up design that can be lifted upward. A backrest cushion is added to the side wall of the lower bunk bed, and a hidden pull-down armrest is designed between the cushions. A 4-person soft sleeper private room can be converted into a 6-person soft seat private room.

At the same time, the CRH1E-NG EMU has also added some humanized facilities: for example, the even-numbered carriages are equipped with three toilets, and the lighting is optimized. In order to avoid unnecessary waste, the original CRH1E dining car (CA) was changed to a dining car with soft sleepers (WRC).

CRH380D

Main article: Bombardier Zefiro

CRH380D at Guangzhou North railway station

The CRH380D is also derived from the Bombardier Zefiro family (Zefiro 380) of very high-speed EMUs and are not direct derivatives of the Regina type trains from which the CRH1A and CRH1B classes are derived. This is the only high-speed rail that doesn't have a 16-car version without connecting 2 trains into 1.^[10] Top speed is advertised at 380 km/h (236 mph).^[11] The eight-car version is designated CRH380D, series number CRH380D-1501 ～ CRH380D-1585.^[8]

Formation

Power Destination M – Motor car T – Trailer car C – Driver cabin P – Pantograph

Coach Type ZY – First Class Coach ZE – Second Class Coach ZYE – First Class/Second Class Coach ZEC – Second Class Coach/Dining Car ZYT – First Class/Premier Coach ZET – Second Class/Premier Coach ZYS – First Class/Business Coach ZES – Second Class/Business Coach WR – Soft Sleeper Car WRC – Soft Sleeper/Dining Car WG – Luxury Sleeper Car

• 
  car door
• 
  First Class Coach.
• 
  Interior of a second class coach.
• 
  second class coach/buffet car (ZEC)

CRH1A & CRH1A–A

CRH1A-1081～1085, 1091～1093, 1105, 1110～1116, 1120, and CRH1A-1121～1166, information is currently missing.

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type13	ZY	ZE			ZEC	ZE		ZY
Type2	ZYS	ZE			ZEC	ZE		ZYS
Type4	ZY	ZE		ZEC	ZYE	ZE		ZY
Type5 (CRH1A–A)	ZY	ZE		ZEC	ZE
Power Configuration	Mc	TP	M		T	M	TP	Mc
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3
Capacity1	72	101			24	101		72
Capacity2	57	101			24	101		68
Capacity3	64	92			24	92		64
Capacity4	64	92		24	77	92		64
Capacity5 (CRH1A–A)	48	90		77	63	90		65

• ^1 Set Nº. 1001～1012、1014～1016、1018、1167、1168
• ^2 Set Nº. 1013、1017、1019～1020
• ^3 Set Nº. 1021～1040
• ^4 Set Nº. 1086～1090、1094～1104、1106～1109、1117、1119
• ^5 Set Nº. 1169～1228、1234～1260

CRH1B

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type	ZE								ZEC	ZE				ZY
Power Configuration	MC	TP	M		TP	M	T	M		T	M	TP	M		TP	MC
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3		Unit 4		Unit 5			Unit 6
Capacity1	79	92							(56)	92				72		64
Capacity2	68	93							(58)	93				79	75	54

• ^1 Set Nº. 1041～1060
• ^2 Set Nº. 1076～1080

CRH1E

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type1	ZE	WR							ZEC	WG	WR					ZE
Type2									ZEC	WR
Type3 (CRH1E-NG)									WRC	WG	WR
Power Configuration	Mc	TP	M		TP	M	T	M		T	M	TP	M		TP	Mc
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3		Unit 4		Unit 5			Unit 6
Capacity1	61	40							(58)	16	40					61
Capacity2									(58)	40
Capacity3 (CRH1E-NG)	55								12							55

• ^1 Set Nº. 1061～1072
• ^2 Set Nº. 1073～1075
• ^3 Set Nº. 1229～1233 (This model is based on the CRH1A-A and sometimes informally called "CRH1E-NG" or "CRH1E-250".)

CRH380D

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type1	ZYT	ZE		ZEC	ZE	ZE		ZET
Type2	ZYS			ZE	ZEC			ZES
Power Configuration	Mc	TP	M	T		M	TP	Mc
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3
Capacity1	6+32	84		45+14	84	81	84	6+50
Capacity2	5+28	85		75	63	85	85	5+40

• ^1 Set Nº. 1501～1510
• ^2 Set Nº. 1511～1585

Distribution

As of April 2018, 260 CRH1 series EMU and 85 CRH380D series EMU are in service.

Operator	Quantity	Serial number	Depot	Lines serving	Notes
CRH1A
Guangzhou Railway Group	22	1001～1020, 1167～1168	Guangzhou East	Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway, Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway, Guangshengang XRL
	31	1086～1090, 1094～1104, 1106～1109, 1117～1119, 1123～1124, 1141～1143, 1154, 1165～1166	Shenzhen North	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
Nanchang Railway Bureau	18	1121, 1122, 1125～1140	Fuzhou	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Longyan–Xiamen Railway, Xiangtang–Putian Railway
	17	1147～1153, 1155～1164	Fuzhou South
	17	1081～1085, 1091～1093, 1105, 1110～1116, 1120	Xiamen North
Chengdu Railway Bureau	23	1021～1040, 1144～1146	Chengdu East	Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway, Dazhou–Chengdu Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway
CRH1A-A
Guangzhou Railway Group	4	1169, 1234～1236	Guangzhou East	Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway
	9	1170～1176, 1217, 1218	Shenzhen North	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
	16	1177, 1179～1181, 1183, 1184, 1209～1216, 1248, 1250	Sanya	Hainan Eastern Ring High-Speed Railway, Hainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway
	33	1182, 1219～1228, 1237～1247, 1249, 1251～1260	Foshan	Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway, Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway
Nanchang Railway Bureau	24	1185～1208	Fuzhou South	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Longyan–Xiamen Railway, Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway
CRH1B
Shanghai Railway Bureau	13	1052～1059, 1076～1080	Nanxiang	Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway
	11	1041～1045, 1047～1051, 1060	Hangzhou	Nanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
China Railway	1	1046	Retired		Written off after Wenzhou train collision, Cars 1-12 are used as a training train whereas Cars 13-16 were scrapped due to derailment.
CRH1E
Shanghai Railway Bureau	20	1061～1075, 1229～1233	Nanxiang	Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link, Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway
CRH380D
Chengdu Railway Bureau	13	1538～1545, 1550, 1552, 1553, 1555, 1557	Chongqing North	Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway
	22	1546～1549, 1554, 1556, 1558～1560, 1563, 1564, 1567, 1568, 1571, 1572, 1578～1584	Chengdu East
	2	1537, 1551	Guiyang North	Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway, Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway, Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway
Shanghai Railway Bureau	48	1501～1536, 1561, 1562, 1565, 1566, 1569, 1570, 1573～1577, 1585	Shanghai Nanxiang	Nanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway

See also

• China Railways CRH2
• China Railways CRH3
• China Railways CRH5
• China Railways CRH380A
• China Railways CRH6
• China Railways CIT Trains
• Bombardier Zefiro
• List of high speed trains

References

1. Briginshaw, David (15 July 2015). "Latest Chinese high-speed train enters service". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
2. "Transportation documents" (PDF). bombardier.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
3. "Sleeper EMU to be developed under co-operation deal". Railway Gazette International. 2007-08-01. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
4. "China orders another 40 CRH1 high-speed trains - International Railway Journal". 2010-07-22. Retrieved 2010-07-22. an additional 40 CRH 1 eight-car
5. "High speed trainsets take shape". Railway Gazette International. 2005-08-01. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
6. 2006年8月30日 BSP 第一列EMU 动车组出厂 Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
7. "Successful completion of the type test for BST's first 250km/h 8-consist EMU". BST. 2010-11-10. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
8. Ltd, DVV Media International. "Zefiro 250NG included in revised high speed train contract".
9. Staff (2007-11-01). "Bombardier JV awarded contract for 40 high-speed trainsets in China". oneindia.com. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
10. The New High Speed Superpower www.eurotrib.com
11. "添加插座、新增母婴设施 成渝高铁380D动车尽显人性化 - 四川网络广播电视台 - 四川广播电视台". 2016-04-21. Archived from the original on 2016-04-21. Retrieved 2020-06-08.

External links

• Zefiro 250 Specifications Sheet^{[permanent dead link]}
• Zefiro 380 Specifications Sheet^{[permanent dead link]}
• CRH1B Train Exterior and Interior