Burmese Declaration of Independence

The Burmese Declaration of Independence (Burmese: လွတ်လပ်ရေးကြေညာစာတမ်း) was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, as a result of the Burma Independence Act 1947, which brought to an end British rule in Burma (now known as Myanmar). The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. The declaration was jointly penned by Zawgyi, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung,^[1] U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw.

Declaration of Independence
Original title	လွတ်လပ်ရေးကြေညာစာတမ်း
Date effective	January 4, 1948; 76 years ago (1948-01-04)
Location	Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar)
Author(s)	Thein Han, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein

History

A Japanese invasion of Burma during the Second World War was launched from Malaya in December 1941. This led to the defeat of British and Indian forces and to Japanese rule, but during 1942 the new rulers made promises to grant Burma independence after the war, believing that this would give the Burmese a stake in an Axis victory, create resistance to future re-colonization by the western powers, and lead to greater military and economic support from Burma for the Japanese war effort.^[2] On 8 May 1943, a Burma Independence Preparatory Committee was formed under the chairmanship of Ba Maw, and on 1 August 1943 a nominally independent State of Burma was proclaimed, with Ba Maw as "Naingandaw Adipadi" (head of state) as well as prime minister.^[3]

As a result of the Burma campaign of 1944 to 1945, fought against the Japanese and the new State of Burma by the British Empire, the Republic of China, and the United States, Burma returned to British control, but it resisted this. The new Labour government of Clement Attlee resolved to grant Burma independence, and this resulted in the Burma Independence Act 1947, which conferred independence on Burma.^[4][5] The Act received the royal assent on 10 December 1947, and the Union of Burma came into being on 4 January 1948 as a new independent republic, outside the British Empire.

To this day, Burma remains an independent republic outside the Commonwealth of Nations.

See also

• Independence Day (Myanmar)
• History of Myanmar

References

1. Taylor, Robert H. (2003-08-01). Dr Maung Maung. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. ISBN 9789814515863.
2. John Toland, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936-1945 (Random House, New York 1970), p. 456
3. "Dr. Ba Maw Library - Statements". www.drbamawlibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
4. House of Commons Debate, 5 November 1947, Hansard volume 443, cc1836-9611836
5. The Burma Independence Act 1947 (1947, 11 Geo. VI, Ch. 3)