Bucephalus (flatworm)

Bucephalus (lit. 'ox head') is the genus name for many trematode flatworms that are parasites of molluscs and fish. Like other Bucephalidae, they are found in fish both as adults and as metacercariae. In marine and freshwater teleosts, they live as parasites inside the digestive tract, especially the intestine.^[4]

Bucephalid cercaria larva from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur (1904) The tail's furcae give the impression of horns, hence the genus name Bucephalus (lit. 'ox head').

Bucephalus
Cercaria larva of Bucephalus polymorphus from Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Platyhelminthes
Class:	Trematoda
Order:	Plagiorchiida
Family:	Bucephalidae
Genus:	Bucephalus Baer, 1827
Species[1]
Bucephalus anguillae Spakulova, Macko, Berrilli & Dezfuli, 2002 Bucephalus baeri Maillard, 1976 Bucephalus binidentacularis Wang, 1977[2] Bucephalus elegans Woodhead, 1930[3] Bucephalus haimeanus (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1854) Bucephalus labracis Paggi & Orecchia, 1965 Bucephalus marinus Vlasenko, 1931 Bucephalus mytili Cole, 1935 Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827

The genus Bucephalus was based on the earliest known bucephalid, B. polymorphus Baer (1827), initially described from a cercaria larva. Siebold (1848) believed that the adult bucephalid he named Gasterostomum fimbriatum represented an adult form of the same bucephalid, but this identity has never been proved.^[5]

The name Bucephalus (lit. 'ox head') was chosen because of the horn-like appearance of the forked tail (furcae) of its cercaria. By what Manter calls a "curious circumstance", horns are also suggested by the long tentacles of adult worms.^[6]

They are distinguished from other genera in the same family by having tentacles associated with the anterior sucker. Genus members have their mouth in the middle of the body.^[4]

An earlier name for this genus was Gasterostomum, given by von Siebold in 1848 to all adult trematodes with a ventral mouth.^[5] Odhner (1905) established two suborders of digenean trematodes called Gasterostomata and Protostomata. The two genera in Gasterostomata were Gasterostomum (now Bucephalus) and Prosorhynchus, of which the former has an anterior sucker separate from its digestive tract and the latter has an anterior rhynchus. Members of the genus Bucephalus are also sometimes referred to as "gasterostomes."^[6]

References

1. "Bucephalus von Baer, 1827". ERMS. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
2. Wang, P.-Q. (1977). A survey of the parasites of eels from Fujian Province. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science). 1977 (1), 53-63.
3. A Study of the Gasterostome Cercariae of the Huron River. Arthur E. Woodhead, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct., 1936), pages. 465-476, doi:10.2307/3222530
4. Gibson, David I.; L. Margolis; Z. Kabata (1996). Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Vol. 4. Canadian Government Publishing. pp. 39–40. ISBN 0-660-16403-5.
5. Gibson, David Ian (2002). Keys to the Trematoda. CABI. pp. 74–75. ISBN 0-85199-547-0.
6. Manter, Harold W (1940). "Digenetic trematodes of fishes from the Galapagos Islands and the neighboring Pacific" (pdf). Reports on the Collections Obtained by Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 1932-1938. 2 (14): 333. Retrieved 20 February 2011.