Bruguiera

Bruguiera is a plant genus in the family Rhizophoraceae. It is a small genus of five mangrove species and three hybrids of the Indian and west Pacific Ocean region, its range extending from East Africa and Madagascar through coastal India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia to northern Australia, Melanesia and Polynesia.^[1] It is characterised by calyces with 8-16 lanceolate, pointed lobes, 16-32 stamens, explosive release of pollen, and viviparous propagules. It is named in honour of French explorer and biologist Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798). Recently, the eighth taxa of Bruguiera, B. × dungarra (a previously undescribed hybrid species between B. exaristata and B. gymnorhiza) was recognised as occurring in northern Australia.^[2][3][1]

Bruguiera
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Rhizophoraceae
Genus:	Bruguiera Lam.

List of species

• Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume ^[4]
  • Bruguiera caryophyllaeoides (J.F.Gmel.) Blume synonym of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume ^[5]
  • Bruguiera caryophylloides (Burm. f.) Blume synonym of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume ^[6]
  • Bruguiera malabarica Arn. synonym of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume ^[7]
• Bruguiera exaristata Ding Hou ^[8]
• Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[9]
  • Bruguiera capensis Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[10]
  • Bruguiera conjugata (L.) Merr. synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[11]
  • Bruguiera conjugata f. alba Stone synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[12]
  • Bruguiera gymnorhiza f. alba (Stone) Fosberg synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[13]
  • Bruguiera gymnorhiza var. palun Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[14]
  • Bruguiera rhedii Tul. synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[15]
  • Bruguiera rheedei Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[16]
  • Bruguiera rumphii Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[17]
  • Bruguiera wightii Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[18]
  • Bruguiera zippelii Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[19]
  • Bruguiera zippelii var. oblongifolia Blume synonym of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ^[20]
• Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff. ^[21]
  • Bruguiera parviflora Wight (Unresolved) ^[22]
  • Bruguiera ritchiei Merr. synonym of Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff. ^[23]
• Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ^[24]
  • Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala W.C.Ko (Unresolved) ^[25]
  • Bruguiera × rhynchopetala (W.C.Ko) N.C.Duke & X.J.Ge (Unresolved) ^[26]
  • Bruguiera sexangula var. sexangula synonym of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ^[27]
  • Bruguiera australis A.Cunn. ex Arn. synonym of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ^[28]
  • Bruguiera eriopetala Wight & Arn. synonym of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ^[29]
  • Bruguiera oxyphylla Miq. synonym of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ^[30]
  • Bruguiera parietosa Griff. synonym of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ^[31]

Hybrids

• Bruguiera hainesii C.G.Rogers. ^[32][33]
• Bruguiera × rhynchopetala (W.C.Ko) N.C.Duke & X.J.Ge.^[34]
• Bruiguiera × dungarra.^[3]

Other Bruguiera species synonyms (unresolved or for other genera):

• Bruguiera arnottiana Wight ex Arn. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. ^[35]
• Bruguiera candel Steud. synonym of Kandelia rheedii Wight & Arn. ^[36]
• Bruguiera decandra Griff. synonym of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W.Theob. ^[37]
• Bruguiera decangulata Griff. synonym of Rhizophora mangle L. ^[38]
• Bruguiera timoriensis Wight & Arn. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. ^[39]
• Bruguiera littorea Steud. synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt ^[40]
• Bruguiera madagascariensis DC. (Unresolved) ^[41]
• Bruguiera nemorosa Blanco (Unresolved) ^[42]
• Bruguiera obtusa Steud. (Unresolved) ^[43]

See also

• Mangroves

References

1. "Bruguiera Lam." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
2. Duke, N. C. (2017), "Mangrove Floristics and Biogeography Revisited: Further Deductions from Biodiversity Hot Spots, Ancestral Discontinuities, and Common Evolutionary Processes", Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 17–53, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62206-4_2, ISBN 978-3-319-62204-0, retrieved 2020-11-15
3. Duke, N.C.; Kudo, H. (2018). "Bruguiera × dungarra, a new hybrid between mangrove species B. exaristata and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae) recently discovered in north-east Australia". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. doi:10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.03. ISSN 0006-5196.
4. "Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
5. "Bruguiera caryophyllaeoides (J.F.Gmel.) Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
6. "Bruguiera caryophylloides (Burm. f.) Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
7. "Bruguiera malabarica Arn. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
8. "Bruguiera exaristata Ding Hou — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
9. "Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
10. "Bruguiera capensis Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
11. "Bruguiera conjugata (L.) Merr. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
12. "Bruguiera conjugata f. alba Stone — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
13. "Bruguiera gymnorhiza f. alba (Stone) Fosberg — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
14. "Bruguiera gymnorhiza var. palun Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
15. "Bruguiera rhedii Tul. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
16. "Bruguiera rheedei Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
17. "Bruguiera rumphii Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
18. "Bruguiera wightii Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
19. "Bruguiera zippelii Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
20. "Bruguiera zippelii var. oblongifolia Blume — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
21. "Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
22. "Bruguiera parviflora Wight — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
23. "Bruguiera ritchiei Merr. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
24. "Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
25. "Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala W.C.Ko — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
26. "Bruguiera × rhynchopetala (W.C.Ko) N.C.Duke & X.J.Ge — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
27. "Bruguiera sexangula var. sexangula — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
28. "Bruguiera australis A.Cunn. ex Arn. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
29. "Bruguiera eriopetala Wight & Arn. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
30. "Bruguiera oxyphylla Miq. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
31. "Bruguiera parietosa Griff. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
32. "Bruguiera hainesii C.G.Rogers — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
33. Ono, J.; Yong, J.W. H.; Takayama, K.; Saleh, M. N. B.; Wee, A. K. S.; Asakawa, T.; Yllano, O. Baylen; Salmo, S. G.; Suleiman, M.; Tung, N. X.; Soe, K. K. (2016-05-20). "Bruguiera hainesii, a critically endangered mangrove species, is a hybrid between B. cylindrica and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae)". Conservation Genetics. 17 (5): 1137–1144. Bibcode:2016ConG...17.1137O. doi:10.1007/s10592-016-0849-y. ISSN 1566-0621. S2CID 3190392.
34. Duke, N.C.; Ge, X.-J. (2011-04-29). "Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae) in the Indo-West Pacific: a morphometric assessment of hybridization within single-flowered taxa". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 56 (1): 36–48. doi:10.3767/000651911x572968. ISSN 0006-5196.
35. "Bruguiera arnottiana Wight ex Arn. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
36. "Bruguiera candel Steud. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
37. "Bruguiera decandra Griff. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
38. "Bruguiera decangulata Griff. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
39. "Bruguiera timoriensis Wight & Arn. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
40. "Bruguiera littorea Steud. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
41. "Bruguiera madagascariensis DC. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
42. "Bruguiera nemorosa Blanco — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
43. "Bruguiera obtusa Steud. — The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.

• "Bruguiera 'orange mangroves'". Mangrove Watch Australia. University of Queensland. 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-14.

External links

Media related to Bruguiera at Wikimedia Commons

• Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (large-leafed mangrove)
• "Bruguiera Lam". Atlas of Living Australia.