Briz (rocket stage)

The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Russian: Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M and Angara A5. The upper stages were also used on Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.

Briz-KM

Models of Briz-M (left) and Briz-KM (right) at the 2013 Paris Air Show
Manufacturer	Khrunichev
Country of origin	Russia
General characteristics
Diameter	2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in)[1]
Length	2.6 metres (8 ft 6 in)[1]
Gross mass	6,475 kilograms (14,275 lb)[2]
Propellant mass	5,055 kilograms (11,144 lb)[2]
Engine details
Powered by	1 S5.98M[2]
Maximum thrust	19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse	326 s
Burn time	3000 seconds
Propellant	N2O4/UDMH

Briz-M

Manufacturer	Khrunichev
Country of origin	Russia
General characteristics
Diameter	4.10 metres (13.5 ft)[3]
Length	2.61 metres (8 ft 7 in)[3]
Gross mass	22,500 kilograms (49,600 lb)[3]
Propellant mass	20,000 kilograms (44,000 lb)[3]
Engine details
Powered by	1 S5.98M[3]
Maximum thrust	19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse	326 s
Burn time	3000 seconds
Propellant	N2O4/UDMH

Characteristics

Briz-K and Briz-KM

Briz-K, GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is an improved version of Briz-K.^[4] The Briz-K and Briz-KM were used as a third stage of the Rokot launch vehicles.^[5]

Briz-M

Briz-M, GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or high geosynchronous orbit.^[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on toroidal tank surrounding the core.^[3] It is powered by a pump-fed gimballed main engine, the 14D30.^[6] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.^[7] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.^[7] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.^[7] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.^[7]

One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.^[8] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.^[9][10] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.^[6] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.^[6]

History

The maiden flight of Briz-M took place on 5 July 1999. The flight was a failure, due to the explosion of the carrier rocket's second stage. The flight had a communications satellite as a payload.

Briz-M completed its first successful flight on 6the June 2000, when it delivered the Gorizont communications satellite into orbit.

It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.^[3]

Launch chronology

Proton-M/Briz-M

#	Launch date	Configuration	Spaceport	Result	Payload	Note
1	5 July 1999	Proton-K/Briz-Me	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	Raduga 1 communication satellite.
	Launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage
2	6 June 2000	Proton-K/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Gorizont #45L communication satellite	First successful flight of the Briz-M
3	7 April 2001	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Ekran-M #18L communications satellite	Maiden flight of Proton-M
4	30 December 2002	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Nimiq 2 satellite
5	6 June 2003	Proton-K/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Americom-9 communication satellite
6	10 December 2003	Proton-K/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Three GLONASS positioning satellites (Kosmos -2402, -2403 and -2404 )
7	15 March 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Eutelsat W3A communications satellite
8	17 June 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Intelsat-10-02 communications satellite
9	5 August 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Amazonas 1 satellite	Delivered into an elliptical transfer orbit
10	15 October 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	AMC-15 communications satellite for SES Americom
11	3 February 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	AMC-12 communications satellite for SES Americom
12	22 May 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Direc TV-8 satellite
13	8 September 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Anik-F1R satellite
14	29 December 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	AMC-23 communications satellite
15	28 February 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	Arabsat-4A communication satellite
	A Briz-M failure leaves it and the payload in unusable orbit, with Briz-M eventually exploding on 19 February 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris.[11][12]
16	4 August 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Hot Bird 8 communications satellite	Delivered into the geostationary orbit for the Eutelsat
17	8 November 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Arabsat-4B (Badr-4) communications satellite
18	11 December 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	MEASAT-3 Malaysian communications satellite
19	10 April 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Anik F3 satellite for Telesat of Canada
20	7 July 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	DirecTV-10 satellite
21	6 September 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	JCSAT-11 satellite
	Proton-M with cargo crashed after second stage failure of a gimbal mechanism
22	18 November 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Sirus 4 communications satellite
23	9 December 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Raduga-1M #1 satellite
24	28 January 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Express AM33 satellite
25	11 February 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Thor 5 satellite
26	15 March 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	AMC-14 satellite	AMC-14 deployed into useless orbit
	Failed during second Briz-M burn. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.[13]
27	19 August 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Inmarsat 4 F3 satellite	A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.[13][14]
28	20 September 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Nimiq-4 satellite [15]
29	6 November 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Astra 1M satellite
30	10 December 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Ciel-2 satellite [16]
31	11 February 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Express-AM44 and Express-MD1 satellites
32	3 April 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Eutelsat W2A satellite
33	16 May 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	ProtoStar 2 satellite
34	1 July 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Sirius FM-5 satellite [17]
35	12 August 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Asiasat 5 satellite
36	17 September 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Nimiq-5 satellite
37	24 November 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Eutelsat W7 satellite
38	29 December 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	DirecTV 12 satellite
39	28 January 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Raduga-1M/Globus-1M military/communication satellites
40	12 February 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Intelsat 16 satellite
41	20 March 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Echostar-14 satellite
42	24 April 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	SES-1 satellite
43	4 June 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	BADR-5 satellite
44	11 July 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	EchoStar-15 satellite
45	14 October 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Sirius XM-5 satellite
46	14 November 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	SkyTerra-1 communication satellite
47	27 December 2010	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	KA-Sat communication satellite
48	20 May 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Telstar 14R satellite
49	16 July 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	KazSat-2 and SES-3 satellites
50	18 August 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	Ekspress-AM4 satellite
	Lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn.[18]
51	21 September 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Kosmos 2473 (Garpun) satellite
52	29 September 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	QuetzSat-1 satellite
53	19 October 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	ViaSat-1 satellite
54	4 November 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	3 Glonass-M satellites.[19]
55	25 November 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	AsiaSat-7 communication satellite
56	11 December 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	AMOS-5 (Spacecom) and Luch-5A satellites[20]
57	14 February 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	SES-4 communication satellite[21]
58	25 March 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Intelsat-22 communication satellite
59	24 April 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	YahSat 1B communication satellite
60	17 May 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Nimiq-6 communication satellite
61	9 July 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	SES-5 communication satellite
62	6 August 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	Telkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 communication satellites[22]
	Briz-M failure
63	14 October 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Intelsat 23 communication satellite
64	3 November 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Luch-5B and Yamal-300K communication satellites
65	20 November 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	EchoStar-16 communication satellite
66	8 December 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Partial failure	Yamal-402 communication satellite	Satellite placed close to designated orbit, it was possible to correct it[23]
	Briz-M stage failure
67	26 March 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Satmex 8 communications satellite	Satellite placed into Geostationary transfer orbit[24]
68	15 April 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Anik-G1 satellite[25]
69	14 May 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Eutelsat-3D satellite[26]
70	3 June 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	SES-6 communication satellite	Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[27]
71	30 September 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Astra-2E communication satellite	Satellite deployed into Geosynchronous transfer orbit[28]
72	25 October 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Sirius FM-6 satellite	Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[29]
73	12 November 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Raduga 1M #3 military communications satellite	All telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system (Pyrite), however the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit[30]
74	8 December 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Inmarsat-5 F1 satellite	Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[31]
75	26 December 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Ekspress AM-5 satellite[32]
76	15 February 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Turksat-4A telecommunications satellite	Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[33]
77	16 March 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Express AT1 and Express AT2 telecommunications satellites	Satellites deployed into Geostationary orbit[34]
78	28 April 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Luch-5V and KazSat-3 communications satellites	Satellites deployed into Geosynchronous orbit[35]
79	16 May 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	Ekspress AM-4R satellite
	Failed Proton-M third stage[36]
80	28 September 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Olimp-K/Luch military communications satellite	Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[37]
81	21 October 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Partial failure	Ekspress-AM6 satellite	Satellite placed close to designated orbit
	Satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit due to problems with the Briz-M. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015[38]
82	15 December 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Yamal 401 satellite	Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[39]
83	28 December 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Astra 2G satellite	Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[40]
84	1 February 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Inmarsat 5-F2 satellite	Satellite deployed into Supersynchronous orbit [41]
85	19 March 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Ekspress AM-7 communications satellite	Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit [42]
86	16 May 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Failure	Mexsat-1 Centenario satellite
	Third stage failure
87	28 August 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Inmarsat-5 F3 communication satellite
88	16 October 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Turksat-4B communication satellite
89	13 December 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Kosmos-2513 (Garpun-12L) military/communication satellite
90	25 December 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Ekspress-AMU1 communication satellite
91	30 January 2016	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Eutelsat-9B communication satellite
92	14 March 2016	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	ExoMars-2016[43]	Mars exploration/communication satellite
93	9 June 2016	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Intelsat-31 (DLA-2) communications satellite
94	8 June 2017	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	EchoStar 21 communications satellite
95	16 August 2017	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Blagovest-11L communications satellite
96	11 September 2017	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Amazonas 5 communications satellite
97	28 September 2017	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	AsiaSat 9 communications satellite
98	18 April 2018	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Blagovest-12L military communications satellite
99	21 December 2018	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Blagovest-13L military communications satellite
100	30 May 2019	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Yamal-601 communications satellite
101	9 October 2019	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Kazakhstan	Success	Eutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1
102	30 July 2020	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Khazakhstan	Success	Ekspress-80/Ekspress-103
103	13 December 2021	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Khazakhstan	Success	Ekspress-AMU3/Ekspress-AMU7
104	13 March 2023	Proton-M/Briz-M	Baikonur, Khazakhstan	Success	Olymp-K №2

Rokot/Briz-K/KM

Main article: Rokot § Launch table

Angara A5/Briz-M

#	Launch date	Configuration	Spaceport	Result	Payload	Note
1	23 December 2014	Angara A5/Briz-M	Plesetsk, Russia	Success	Dummy satellite	Maiden flight of Russia's new-generation Angara A5 launch vehicle
	Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage[44]
2	14 December 2020	Angara A5/Briz-M	Plesetsk, Russia	Success	Dummy satellite	Second launch of the Angara A5/Briz-M
	Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage

References

• "Proton 8K82K / Briz-M". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 September 2003. Retrieved 21 February 2007.

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