Briz (rocket stage)
Russian rocket upper stages family From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Russian: Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M and Angara A5. The upper stages were also used on Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.
 Models of Briz-M (left) and Briz-KM (right) at the 2013 Paris Air Show | |
| Manufacturer | Khrunichev |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Russia |
| General characteristics | |
| Diameter | 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)[1] |
| Length | 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)[1] |
| Gross mass | 6,475 kg (14,275 lb)[2] |
| Propellant mass | 5,055 kg (11,144 lb)[2] |
| Engine details | |
| Powered by | 1 × S5.98M[2] |
| Maximum thrust | 19.6 kN (4,400 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 326 s (3.20 km/s) |
| Burn time | 3,000 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
| Manufacturer | Khrunichev |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Russia |
| General characteristics | |
| Diameter | 4.1 m (13 ft)[3] |
| Length | 2.61 m (8 ft 7 in)[3] |
| Gross mass | 22,500 kg (49,600 lb)[3] |
| Propellant mass | 20,000 kg (44,000 lb)[3] |
| Engine details | |
| Powered by | 1 × S5.98M[3] |
| Maximum thrust | 19.6 kN (4,400 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 326 s (3.20 km/s) |
| Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
Characteristics
Summarize
Perspective
Briz-K and Briz-KM
Briz-K, GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is an improved version of Briz-K.[4] The Briz-K and Briz-KM were used as a third stage of the Rokot launch vehicles.[5]
Briz-M
Briz-M, GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or high geosynchronous orbit.[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on toroidal tank surrounding the core.[3] It is powered by a pump-fed gimballed main engine, the 14D30.[6] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.[7] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.[7] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.[7] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.[7]
One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.[8] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.[9][10] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.[6] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.[6]
History
The maiden flight of Briz-M took place on 5 July 1999. The flight was a failure, due to the explosion of the carrier rocket's second stage. The flight had a communications satellite as a payload.
Briz-M completed its first successful flight on 6the June 2000, when it delivered the Gorizont communications satellite into orbit.
It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.[3]
Launch chronology
Proton-M/Briz-M
| # | Launch date | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 July 1999 | Proton-K/Briz-Me | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Lower stage failure | Raduga 1 communication satellite. | |
| Launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage | ||||||
| 2 | 6 June 2000 | Proton-K/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Gorizont #45L | First successful flight of the Briz-M |
| 3 | 7 April 2001 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Ekran-M #18L | Maiden flight of Proton-M |
| 4 | 29 December 2002 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Nimiq-2 | |
| 5 | 6 June 2003 | Proton-K/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | AMC-9 | |
| 6 | 10 December 2003 | Proton-K/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Kosmos 2402, 2403 and 2404 | Three GLONASS positioning satellites |
| 7 | 15 March 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Eutelsat W3A | |
| 8 | 16 June 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Intelsat-10-02 | |
| 9 | 4 August 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Amazonas 1 | |
| 10 | 14 October 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | AMC-15 | |
| 11 | 3 February 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | AMC-12 | |
| 12 | 22 May 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | DirecTV-8 | |
| 13 | 8 September 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Anik-F1R | |
| 14 | 29 December 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | AMC-23 | |
| 15 | 28 February 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Failure | Arabsat-4A (Badr-1) | |
| A Briz-M failure leaves it and the payload in unusable orbit, with Briz-M eventually exploding on 19 February 2007, producing over 1,000 trackable pieces of space debris.[11][12] | ||||||
| 16 | 4 August 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Hot Bird 8 | |
| 17 | 8 November 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Arabsat-4B (Badr-4) | |
| 18 | 11 December 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | MEASAT-3 | |
| 19 | 9 April 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Anik-F3 | |
| 20 | 7 July 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | DirecTV-10 | |
| 21 | 5 September 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Lower stage failure | JCSAT-11 | |
| Proton-M with cargo crashed after the first and second stages of the rocket failed to separate due to a damaged pyrotechnic firing cable. | ||||||
| 22 | 17 November 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Sirius 4 | |
| 23 | 9 December 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Raduga-1M #1 | |
| 24 | 28 January 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Ekspress-AM33 | |
| 25 | 11 February 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Thor 5 | |
| 26 | 14 March 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Failure | AMC-14 | Satellite deployed into useless orbit |
| Failed during second Briz-M burn. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.[13] | ||||||
| 27 | 19 August 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Inmarsat 4-F3 | A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.[13][14] |
| 28 | 19 September 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Nimiq-4[15] | |
| 29 | 15 November 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Astra 1M | |
| 30 | 10 December 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Ciel-2[16] | |
| 31 | 10 February 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Express-AM44 and Express-MD1 | |
| 32 | 3 April 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Eutelsat W2A | |
| 33 | 16 May 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | ProtoStar 2 (SES-7) | |
| 34 | 1 July 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Sirius FM-5[17] | |
| 35 | 11 August 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | AsiaSat 5 | |
| 36 | 17 September 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Nimiq-5 | |
| 37 | 24 November 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Eutelsat W7 | |
| 38 | 29 December 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | DirecTV-12 | |
| 39 | 28 January 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Raduga 1M #2 | |
| 40 | 12 February 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Intelsat 16 | |
| 41 | 20 March 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | EchoStar XIV | |
| 42 | 24 April 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | SES-1 | |
| 43 | 3 June 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Badr-5 | |
| 44 | 10 July 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | EchoStar XV | |
| 45 | 14 October 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | XM-5 | |
| 46 | 14 November 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | SkyTerra-1 | |
| 47 | 26 December 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | KA-SAT | |
| 48 | 20 May 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Telstar-14R | |
| 49 | 15 July 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | SES-3 and KazSat-2 | |
| 50 | 17 August 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Failure | Ekspress AM4 | |
| Lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn.[18] | ||||||
| 51 | 20 September 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Kosmos 2473 (Garpun #1) | |
| 52 | 29 September 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | QuetzSat-1 | |
| 53 | 19 October 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | ViaSat-1 | |
| 54 | 4 November 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Kosmos 2475, 2476 and 2477 | Three GLONASS-M navigation satellites.[19] |
| 55 | 25 November 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | AsiaSat 7 | |
| 56 | 11 December 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Luch-5A and Amos-5[20] | |
| 57 | 14 February 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | SES-4[21] | |
| 58 | 25 March 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Intelsat 22 | |
| 59 | 23 April 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Yahsat 1B | |
| 60 | 17 May 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Nimiq 6 | |
| 61 | 9 July 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | SES-5 | |
| 62 | 6 August 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Failure | Telkom 3 and Ekspress MD2[22] | |
| Briz-M failure | ||||||
| 63 | 14 October 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Intelsat 23 | |
| 64 | 3 November 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Luch-5B and Yamal-300K | |
| 65 | 20 November 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | EchoStar XVI | |
| 66 | 8 December 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Partial failure | Yamal-402 | The satellite was placed close to the intended orbit and could maneuver into its final orbit by itself.[23][24] |
| Briz-M's upper stage shut down four minutes earlier than planned on its fourth burn due to oxidizer turbopump bearing damage.[25] | ||||||
| 67 | 26 March 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Satmex 8 | Satellite placed into Geostationary transfer orbit[26] |
| 68 | 15 April 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Anik G1[27] | |
| 69 | 14 May 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Eutelsat 3D[28] | |
| 70 | 2 June 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | SES-6 | Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[29] |
| 71 | 29 September 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Astra 2E | Satellite deployed into Geosynchronous transfer orbit[30] |
| 72 | 25 October 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Sirius FM-6 | Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[31] |
| 73 | 12 November 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Raduga 1M #3 | All telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system (Pyrite), however the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit[32] |
| 74 | 8 December 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Inmarsat 5-F1 | Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[33] |
| 75 | 26 December 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Ekspress AM5[34] | |
| 76 | 14 February 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Türksat 4A | Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[35] |
| 77 | 15 March 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Ekspress AT1 and Ekspress AT2 | Satellites deployed into Geostationary orbit[36] |
| 78 | 28 April 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Luch 5V and KazSat-3 | Satellites deployed into Geosynchronous orbit[37] |
| 79 | 16 May 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Lower stage failure | Ekspress AM4R | |
| Failed Proton-M third stage[38] | ||||||
| 80 | 28 September 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Luch (Olimp-K) | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[39] |
| 81 | 21 October 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Partial failure | Ekspress AM6 | Satellite placed close to designated orbit |
| Satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit due to problems with the Briz-M. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015[40] | ||||||
| 82 | 15 December 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Yamal-401 | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[41] |
| 83 | 28 December 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Astra 2G | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[42] |
| 84 | 1 February 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Inmarsat 5-F2 | Satellite deployed into Supersynchronous orbit[43] |
| 85 | 18 March 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Ekspress AM7 | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[44] |
| 86 | 16 May 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Lower stage failure | Mexsat-1 | |
| Third stage failure | ||||||
| 87 | 28 August 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Inmarsat 5-F3 | |
| 88 | 16 October 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Türksat 4B | |
| 89 | 13 December 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Kosmos 2513 (Garpun #2) | |
| 90 | 24 December 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Ekspress AMU1 | |
| 91 | 29 January 2016 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Eutelsat 9B | |
| 92 | 14 March 2016 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | ExoMars[45] | Mars exploration/communication satellite |
| 93 | 9 June 2016 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Intelsat 31 | |
| 94 | 8 June 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | EchoStar 21 | |
| 95 | 16 August 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Blagovest 11L | |
| 96 | 11 September 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Amazonas 5 | |
| 97 | 28 September 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | AsiaSat 9 | |
| 98 | 18 April 2018 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Blagovest 12L | |
| 99 | 21 December 2018 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Blagovest 13L | |
| 100 | 30 May 2019 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Yamal-601 | |
| 101 | 5 August 2019 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 81/24 | Success | Blagovest 14L | |
| 102 | 9 October 2019 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Eutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1 | |
| 103 | 30 July 2020 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Ekspress-80 and Ekspress-103 | |
| 104 | 13 December 2021 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Ekspress-AMU3 and Ekspress-AMU7 | |
| 105 | 12 March 2023 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Site 200/39 | Success | Olymp-K №2 | |
Rokot/Briz-K/KM
Angara A5/Briz-M
| # | Launch date | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 December 2014 | Angara A5/Briz-M | Plesetsk, Site 35 | Success | Dummy satellite | Maiden flight of Russia's new-generation Angara A5 launch vehicle |
| Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage[46] | ||||||
| 2 | 14 December 2020 | Angara A5/Briz-M | Plesetsk, Site 35 | Success | Dummy satellite | Second launch of the Angara A5/Briz-M |
| Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage | ||||||
References
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