Breviata

Breviata anathema is a single-celled flagellate amoeboid eukaryote, previously studied under the name Mastigamoeba invertens.^[1] The cell lacks mitochondria, much like the pelobionts^[2] to which the species was previously assigned,^[1] but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an organelle believed to be a modified anaerobic mitochondrion, similar to the mitosomes and hydrogenosomes found in other eukaryotes that live in low-oxygen environments.^[3]

Breviata
B. anathema
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Class:	Breviatea
Order:	Breviatida
Family:	Breviatidae
Genus:	Breviata Walker, Dacks & Embley 2006
Type species
Breviata anathema Walker, Dacks & Embley 2006
Species
B. anathema

Early molecular data placed Breviata in the Amoebozoa, but without obvious affinity to known amoebozoan groups.^[3][4] More recently, phylogenomic analysis has shown that the class Breviatea is a sister group to the Opisthokonta and Apusomonadida. Together, these three groups form the clade Obazoa (the term Obazoa is based on an acronym of Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida, plus ‘zóa’ (pertaining to ‘life’ in Greek)).^[5]

References

1. Walker G, Dacks JB, Embley MT (2006-02-10). "Ultrastructural Description of Breviata anathema, N. Gen., N. Sp., the Organism Previously Studied as "Mastigamoeba invertens"". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 53 (2): 65–78. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00087.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMID 16579808.
2. Edgcomb VP, Simpson AGB, Zettler LA, Nerad TA, Patterson DJ, Holder ME, Sogin ML (2002). "Pelobionts are degenerate protists: insights from molecules and morphology". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19 (6): 978–82. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004157. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 12032256. Archived from the original (Free full text) on 2012-07-13.
3. Minge MA, Silberman JD, Orr RJ, Cavalier-Smith T, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Burki F, Skjæveland A, Jakobsen KS (2008-11-11). "Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1657): 597–604. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1358. PMC 2660946. PMID 19004754.
4. Roger AJ, Simpson AGB (2009-02-24). "Evolution: revisiting the root of the eukaryote tree". Current Biology. 19 (4): R165–7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.032. PMID 19243692.
5. Brown MW, Sharpe SC, Silberman JD, Heiss AA, Lang BF, Simpson AGB, Roger AJ (2013-10-22). "Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to opisthokonts and apusomonads". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1769): 20131755. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1755. ISSN 1471-2954. PMC 3768317. PMID 23986111.