Boron triiodide
Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI3. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
triiodoborane | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.492 | ||
PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
BI3 | |||
Molar mass | 391.52 g/mol | ||
Appearance | crystalline solid | ||
Density | 3.35 g/cm3 (50 °C) | ||
Melting point | 49.9 °C (121.8 °F; 323.0 K) | ||
Boiling point | 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) | ||
soluble,hydrolysis | |||
Solubility | soluble in CCl4, CS2, benzene, chloroform | ||
0D | |||
Structure | |||
hexagonal | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
71 J/mol K | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
200 J/mol K | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−37.2 kJ/mol | ||
Hazards | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | −18 °C (0 °F; 255 K) | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | Sigma-Aldrich | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds |
Boron trifluoride Boron trichloride Boron tribromide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation
Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F.[citation needed] It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:
- 3HI + BCl3 → BI3 + 3HCl (reaction requires high temperature)
Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide:[2]
- 3LiBH4 + 8I2 → 3LiI + 3BI3 + 4H2 + 4HI
Properties
In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive[3] crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P63/m (space group no. 176)).[4] Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.[2]
Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:
- BI3 + 3H2O ⇌ B(OH)3 + 3HI
Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI3 becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.[5]
Applications
Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction).[6]
References
External links
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