Bithynia (gastropod)

Bithynia is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.^[2]

Bithynia
Bithynia tentaculata
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Truncatelloidea
Family:	Bithyniidae
Genus:	Bithynia Leach, 1818[1]
Type species
Helix tentaculata Linnaeus, 1758
Species
See text
Synonyms[2]
Bithinia Leach, 1818 (misspelling) Bithynia (Bithynia) Leach, 1818 · accepted, alternate representation Bithynia (Digoniostoma) Annandale, 1920 · accepted, alternate representation Bithynia (Gabbia) Tryon, 1865 · accepted, alternate representation †Bithynia (Pseudemmericia) Schlickum, 1968 Bulimus Scopoli, 1777 (invalid: placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 475) Bulimus (Bulimus) Scopoli, 1777 (genus invalid: placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 475) Bythinia Stein, 1850 (invalid: unjustified emendation of Bithynia; placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 475) Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920 Digyrcidum Locard, 1882 Gabbia Tryon, 1865 Paraelona Beriozkina & Starobogatov, 1994

The diploid chromosome number of Bithynia sp. from Egypt is 2n=32.^[3]

Distribution

Lake Skadar with five species of Bithynia is a biodiversity hotspot of Bithynia evolution.^[4]

Species

Glöer (2002)^[5] recognized four subgenera Bithynia, Codiella, Neumayria and Parafossarulus within European species. He reassigned two European extinct species of Parafossarulus into a subgenus of the genus Bithynia, but the genus Parafossarulus is generally accepted for the Asian species.^[5] The subgenus Digoniostoma is also recognized for Asian species.

Subgenera and species within the genus Bithynia include:

Subgenus Bithynia Leach, 1818

• Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common (or mud) bithynia - type species^[6]

Subgenus Codiella Locard, 1894

• Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)^[6]
• Bithynia transsilvanica (Bielz, 1853) - synonym: Bithynia troschelii (Paasch 1842)^[6]

Subgenus Neumayria De Stefani, 1887^[7]

• † Bithynia bavelensis Meijer, 1990

Subgenus Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920^[8]

• Bithynia funiculata Walker, 1927^[9]
• Bithynia siamensis Lea, 1856^[10][11][12]

Subgenus Incertae sedis^[13]

• Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
• Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964

Subgenus ?

• † Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
• † Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894
• Bithynia boissieri (Küster, 1852)^[6]
• † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
• † Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902
• Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886^[6]
• Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007
• Bithynia cerameopoma (Benson, 1830)
• Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
• † Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884
• Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
• † Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
• † Bithynia cyclostoma (Rousseau, 1842)
• Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
• † Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
• † Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991
• Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
• † Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981
• Bithynia fuchsiana (Möllendorff, 1888)^[11]
• Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
• † Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
• † Bithynia glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
• Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879^[6]
• Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
• Bithynia italica (Paulucci, 1879)^[6]
• † Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884
• Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007^[14]
• † Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
• Bithynia lithoglyphoides (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
• Bithynia longicornis Benson - in China^[11]
• Bithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007^[15]
• Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
• † Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909
• Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
• † Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
• † Bithynia minor Locard, 1878
• Bithynia misella (Gredler, 1884)^[16]
• Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901
• Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873^[6]
• † Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975
• Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007^[14]
• Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864
• Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862
• Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007
• Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
• Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
• † Bithynia phrygica (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
• † Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
• † Bithynia podarensis (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
• † Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002
• Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963
• Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
• † Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981
• Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
• Bithynia pulchella (Benson, 1836)
• Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007^[14]
• Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007^[6]
• Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
• Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
• Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
• † Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
• Bithynia rubens (Menke, 1830)
• † Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
• † Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
• † Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
• Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865^[6]
• † Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894
• Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
• Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886
• Bithynia sistanica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
• Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007^[6]
• Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012
• Bithynia stenothyroides (Dohrn, 1857)
• Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
• Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
• Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
• † Bithynia ungeri (Rolle, 1860)
• † Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
• † Bithynia verneuili (Mayer, 1856)
• † Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880
• Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †
• Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865^[6]
• Bithynia walkeri (Brandt, 1968)^[17]
• Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
• Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007^[6]
• † Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902

Synonyms:

• Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852): synonym of Pseudobithynia badiella (Küster, 1853)
• † Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † Tylopoma bengestiensis (Fontannes, 1887)
• † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903: synonym of † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885
• † Bithynia crassitesta (Brömme, 1883): synonym of † Parafossarulus crassitesta (Brömme, 1883)
• † Bithynia curta Locard, 1893: synonym of † Bithynia glabra helvetica (Wenz, 1930)
• † Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875: synonym of † Bithynia glabra glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
• Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939: synonym of Pseudobithynia hamicensis (Pallary, 1939)
• † Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria labiata (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
• Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823): synonym of Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
• Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862: synonym of Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula (Fuchs, 1870)
• Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 : synonym of Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873
• Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904: synonym of Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)^[18]
• Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
• † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria podwinensis (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)
• † Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola proxima (Fuchs, 1870)
• Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853: synonym of Pseudobithynia saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1853)
• † Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877: synonym of † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896
• † Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Neumayria spoliata (Stefanescu, 1896)
• Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
• Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866: synonym of Gangetia uzielliana (Issel, 1866)
• † Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
• † Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)

See also

• Parafossarulus