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Bithynia is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.[2]
| Bithynia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bithynia tentaculata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Rissooidea |
| Family: | Bithyniidae |
| Genus: | Bithynia Leach, 1818[1] |
| Type species | |
| Helix tentaculata Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
The diploid chromosome number of Bithynia sp. from Egypt is 2n=32.[3]
Lake Skadar with five species of Bithynia is a biodiversity hotspot of Bithynia evolution.[4]
Glöer (2002)[5] recognized four subgenera Bithynia, Codiella, Neumayria and Parafossarulus within European species. He reassigned two European extinct species of Parafossarulus into a subgenus of the genus Bithynia, but the genus Parafossarulus is generally accepted for the Asian species.[5] The subgenus Digoniostoma is also recognized for Asian species.
Subgenera and species within the genus Bithynia include:
Subgenus Bithynia Leach, 1818
- Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common (or mud) bithynia - type species[6]
Subgenus Codiella Locard, 1894
- Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)[6]
- Bithynia transsilvanica (Bielz, 1853) - synonym: Bithynia troschelii (Paasch 1842)[6]
Subgenus Neumayria De Stefani, 1887[7]
- † Bithynia bavelensis Meijer, 1990
Subgenus Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920[8]
- Bithynia funiculata Walker, 1927[9]
- Bithynia siamensis Lea, 1856[10][11][12]
Subgenus Incertae sedis[13]
- Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
Subgenus ?
- † Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
- † Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894
- Bithynia boissieri (Küster, 1852)[6]
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
- † Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902
- Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886[6]
- Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007
- Bithynia cerameopoma (Benson, 1830)
- Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
- † Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884
- Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
- † Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
- † Bithynia cyclostoma (Rousseau, 1842)
- Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- † Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
- † Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991
- Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981
- Bithynia fuchsiana (Möllendorff, 1888)[11]
- Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
- Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879[6]
- Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
- Bithynia italica (Paulucci, 1879)[6]
- † Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884
- Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- † Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
- Bithynia lithoglyphoides (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
- Bithynia longicornis Benson - in China[11]
- Bithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007[15]
- Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909
- Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
- † Bithynia minor Locard, 1878
- Bithynia misella (Gredler, 1884)[16]
- Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901
- Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873[6]
- † Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975
- Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864
- Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862
- Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007
- Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
- Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- † Bithynia phrygica (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
- † Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
- † Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia podarensis (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
- † Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002
- Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963
- Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981
- Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
- Bithynia pulchella (Benson, 1836)
- Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
- Bithynia rubens (Menke, 1830)
- † Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
- † Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
- † Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
- Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- † Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894
- Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
- Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886
- Bithynia sistanica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
- Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- Bithynia stenothyroides (Dohrn, 1857)
- Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
- Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
- † Bithynia ungeri (Rolle, 1860)
- † Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
- † Bithynia verneuili (Mayer, 1856)
- † Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880
- Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †
- Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- Bithynia walkeri (Brandt, 1968)[17]
- Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- † Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902
Synonyms:
- Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852): synonym of Pseudobithynia badiella (Küster, 1853)
- † Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † Tylopoma bengestiensis (Fontannes, 1887)
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903: synonym of † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885
- † Bithynia crassitesta (Brömme, 1883): synonym of † Parafossarulus crassitesta (Brömme, 1883)
- † Bithynia curta Locard, 1893: synonym of † Bithynia glabra helvetica (Wenz, 1930)
- † Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875: synonym of † Bithynia glabra glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
- Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939: synonym of Pseudobithynia hamicensis (Pallary, 1939)
- † Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria labiata (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
- Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823): synonym of Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
- Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862: synonym of Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula (Fuchs, 1870)
- Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 : synonym of Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873
- Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904: synonym of Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)[18]
- Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
- † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria podwinensis (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)
- † Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola proxima (Fuchs, 1870)
- Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853: synonym of Pseudobithynia saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1853)
- † Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877: synonym of † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896
- † Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Neumayria spoliata (Stefanescu, 1896)
- Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
- Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866: synonym of Gangetia uzielliana (Issel, 1866)
- † Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
- † Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
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