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Writer and conspiracy theorist From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bill Kaysing (July 31, 1922[not verified in body] – April 21, 2005[not verified in body]) was an American author and conspiracy theorist who claimed that the Apollo Moon landings between 1969 and 1972 were hoaxes.
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Bill Kaysing | |
|---|---|
Kaysing in 2000 | |
| Born | July 31, 1922 |
| Died | April 21, 2005 (aged 82) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Author |
Kaysing served as an officer in the U.S. Navy during World War II,[1][2] having attended Navy Officers Training School.
Kaysing would come to assert in a new vein of writing that came to fruition in the mid-1970s, that during his much earlier tenure at Rocketdyne he was privy to documents pertaining to the Mercury, Gemini, Atlas, and Apollo programs, and argued that one did not need an engineering or science degree to determine that a hoax was being perpetrated.[citation needed] According to his account of this intellectual development, the Rocketdyne scientists with whom he worked expressed to him that there was enough technology at the time to perhaps send a crewed rocket to the Moon, but not enough technology developed to return safely to Earth.[citation needed] They also spoke of the very real problem of traveling through atmospheric radiation without harm to the astronauts as a problem that yet needed to be solved.[citation needed] Even before July 1969, he had "a hunch, an intuition, ... a true conviction" and decided that he did not believe that anyone was going to the Moon.[3] Kaysing thus wrote a book titled We Never Went to the Moon: America's Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle, which was self-published in 1976,[4] and republished by Health Research Books in 2002.[citation needed]
In his book, Kaysing introduced arguments which he said proved the Moon landings were faked. Claims in the book including that:
He also noted that Dutch newspapers questioned the "authenticity" of the Moon landings.[non-primary source needed][3]
Kaysing also claimed that NASA staged both the Apollo 1 fire and the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, deliberately murdering the astronauts on board, suggesting that NASA might have learned that these astronauts were about to expose the conspiracy and needed to guarantee their silence.[citation needed] He also believed that the disappearance of Thomas Baron's 500-page report on the Apollo 1 fire and Baron's death in a rail-traffic accident a week after he testified before the United States Congress were not accidents.[citation needed]
A vocal advocate of other conspiracy theories, Kaysing believed there to be a high-level conspiracy involving the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Reserve, Internal Revenue Service and other government agencies to brainwash the American public, poison their food supply, and control the media.[8]
Kaysing appeared on the Oprah show.[when?][citation needed]
Kaysing was a participant in the Fox documentary, Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?, which aired on February 15, 2001.[9]
Kaysing had an appearance on the Documentary, "Moon Landing - The World's Greatest Hoax?"[10] which was uploaded to YouTube on March 5, 2021.
On August 29, 1996, Kaysing filed a defamation lawsuit in Santa Cruz County Superior Court against astronaut Jim Lovell for calling his claims "wacky" in an article by Rafer Guzmán for Metro Silicon Valley.[11][12] Lovell is quoted:
The guy is wacky. His position makes me feel angry. We spent a lot of time getting ready to go to the Moon. We spent a lot of money, we took great risks, and it's something everybody in this country should be proud of.
The case was dismissed in 1997.[13]
![[icon]](#/media/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion with: third-party, non-WP:OR description of the work. You can help by adding to it. (July 2019) |
Kaysing describes preparation for the launch[clarification needed] as normal,[citation needed] but since Rocketdyne F-1 engines in the first stage of the Saturn V rocket were "totally unreliable," a cluster of "five booster engines of the more dependable B-1 type as used in the C-1 cluster for the Atlas missile" were secretly installed, one inside each of the Saturn V's five F-1s.[14][original research?]
Kaysing states that:[full citation needed]
The astronauts were launched with the Saturn V. Then, in order to account for their disappearance, they simply orbited the Earth for eight days and in the interim they showed these fake pictures of the astronauts on the Moon. But on the eighth day the command console separated from the vehicle and descended to Earth as, of course, was shown in the films.
Kaysing encouraged Ralph René to write NASA Mooned America!, after René decided that he also had research to prove the landings were faked.[citation needed][15]
Kaysing's daughter, Wendy L. Kaysing, has stated that she hopes to one day write a book about her father with Kaysing's nephew, Dietrich von Schmausen, not to reiterate Kaysing's hoax claims, rather to talk about her father as a person.[16]
In the years following Kaysing’s death, Italian conspiracist writer Albino Galuppini created the Bill Kaysing Tribute Website. This website was described as being “designed to pay tribute to a distinguished writer who lived his ideals and spoke his mind honestly and openly” and contained many personal photos provided by Kaysing’s relatives and tributes written by his followers. Including Bart Sibrel, David Percy and Jarrah White.
But from 2013 onward, Galuppini started publishing blog articles propagating false claims about the Earth being flat and all space travel being faked. Many of these articles misappropriated Kaysing’s moon hoax views to promote Galuppini’s Flat Earth claims. Despite Kaysing specifically theorizing that the astronauts orbited the Earth instead of going to the Moon, Galuppini falsely claimed that Kaysing denied any rocket could travel fast enough to get into orbit. This led to Kaysing’s relatives and followers publicly withdrawing their endorsement from the Bill Kaysing Tribute Website, severing their ties with Galuppini, and no longer allowing him permission to use their content.
Wendy Kaysing stated "I cannot imagine my father ever saying that we could not do space travel. That’s ludicrous! That’s ridiculous! […] Anybody who says that about my father is just trying to discredit my father’s ability to even think" and requested that Galuppini cease and desist the “sale of books, articles, or publication of websites, blogs or public messages” that use her father’s work. But Galuppini ignored her demands and continued the public façade of being a trusted friend of Kaysing’s family and supporters.[17][18] Jarrah White, a former contributor to the website, stated that Kaysing's legacy had essentially been "hijacked" and spoke harshly of Galuppini's Flat Earth nonsense and misappropriation in Popular Mechanics: "If you think the Earth is flat, then I don't consider you a serious researcher. I think you are a kindergarten dropout. Serious hoax researchers, they base their evidence on scientific and photographic anomalies and go where the evidence takes them. Flat-Earthers preemptively deny space travel in general because any photos of the Earth from space contradict their religion."[19]
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