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Laws concerning the wearing of bicycle helmets vary around the world, [1] (see Bicycle helmet laws). Five countries (Argentina, Cyprus,[2] Australia, Namibia, and New Zealand) currently both require and enforce universal use of helmets by cyclists. Partial rules apply in some other jurisdictions, such as only for children (e.g. in France), in certain states or sub-national divisions (e.g. British Columbia in Canada), or under other limited conditions.[3]

Thumb
  No legal restrictions
  Some local laws apply
  Children only; other local laws may also exist
  Partial rules apply
  Mandatory but no fines apply
  Mandatory

The effects of compulsory use of helmets are disputed.

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History

Australia was the first country to enact mandatory bicycle helmet use for all cyclists.[4] Mexico City has had mandatory cycle helmet laws repealed, and in Italy the Federazione Italiana Amici della Bicicletta managed to block a proposed helmet law.[5] Cycling UK, the largest cycling advocacy organisation in the UK, has opposed mandatory wearing of helmets on the grounds that it should be a personal choice.[6] In 2002 an attempt was made to introduce bicycle helmet legislation in Poland but it was opposed by cyclists' organisations.[7]

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Legislation by country

More information Country, Age ...
Bicycle helmet legislation
Country Age Last change Notes
 Argentina All 2004 Mandatory.[8] Fines are collected by the provinces.
 Australia All 1990–92 Compulsory for all ages in public spaces except for those older than 17 in the Northern Territory that are not using car carriageways (e.g: footpaths, cycle paths, trails).[9]
 Austria 12 2011 [10]
 Belgium None [11]
 Brazil None 1997
 Canada [note 1] [note 2] Legislation on the use of bicycle helmets originates from provincial and territorial legislation. As a result, laws surrounding the use of bicycle helmets varies across the provinces and territories of Canada.

The use of bicycle helmets is compulsory in the provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.[12] In the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario, the use of helmets is mandatory for cyclists under the age of 18 years.[13][14][15][16]

Use of a helmet is not mandatory in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon.[17]

 Chile All 2009 Mandatory in urban zones and suggested in rural zones [18]
 Costa Rica All 2012 [19][20]
 Croatia 16 2011 Mandatory for children below 16 only if riding on a road.[21]
 Cyprus All 2022 Mandatory for everyone. [22]
 Czech Republic 18 2006 [7][23]
 Denmark None
 Estonia 16 2011 [24]
 Finland None 2003[25] Not required, but recommended.[26]
 France 12 2017 Mandatory for children below 12 year old (passenger or driver), fines apply [27]
 Germany None
 Hong Kong None In 2009, Transport Secretary announced that government had no intention of introducing mandatory helmet law, based partly on "international views that a mandatory requirement may lead to a reduction in cycling activities."[28]
 Hungary None 2010 Wearing a helmet increases the speed limit for bicycles outside populated areas from 40 km/h to 50 km/h.[29]
 Iceland 15 1998 Iceland has considered – but not pursued – extending its helmet law to adults.[30][31][32]
 India None
 Ireland None [33]
 Isle of Man None Cyclists "should" wear helmets, but they are not compulsory.[34]
 Israel 18 2011 Starting from 2011, only applies under 18 years of age, in interurban ways and during sport events.[35]
 Italy None
 Japan All 2023 Enacted in 2008, Article 63-11 of the Road Traffic Act requires that persons responsible for children under 13 must ensure that the children wear helmets. However, there is no penalty associated with this article.[36] Starting April 1, 2023, all individuals must make a "duty of effort" to wear a helmet. There is no penalty for not wearing a helmet.[37][38]
 Jersey 13 2014 Failure to comply with the Law could result in a fine being issued.[39]
 Latvia 12 2014
 Malta 10 2004 Bicycles: Only under 10 year olds riding as passengers on an adult's bicycle are required to wear a helmet.[40]
 Mexico None 2010 Mexico City repealed mandatory helmet laws in 2010.
 Namibia All [41]
 New Zealand All 1993
 Netherlands None [42]
 Norway None [43]
 Philippines None 2021 No requirement nationwide, but some cities such as Quezon City have helmet mandate laws, with non-compliance punishable with fines.[44]
 Poland None [7]
 Portugal None 2013 No requirement
 Russia None 2014 No requirement (except for users of electric power-assisted bicycles with more than 250W engine or electric powered speed excess 25 km/h)[45]
 Singapore All 2018 Since 2018, all cyclists (power-assisted or not) must wear a helmet.
 Slovakia 15 Only cyclists under 15 years of age (no fines apply)[46]
 Slovenia 15 2000 [7]
 South Africa All 2004 Compulsory for all cyclists but in practice the law is not enforced. No fine had been agreed.[47]
 South Korea 13 2006
 Spain All (interurban roads) /
16 (urban areas)
2015 In urban areas helmet is only required for under 16 years old riders (Art. 47 of "Ley sobre Tráfico, Circulación de Vehículos a Motor y Seguridad Vial")[48]

The city of Mollet del Vallès in Catalonia has voted and approved in 2020 mandatory helmet to ride a bicycle for anyone of any age on local bylaw, quote of Art. 18 "Those who ride a bicycle on urban streets in Mollet del Vallès will have to use a helmet, whether they are older than legal age or minor."[49]

 Sweden 15 2005 No penalty for children cycling alone who do not obey the law. Also applies to Segway use.[50]
  Switzerland None [28]
 Togo All 2013 Mandatory helmet policy was enacted by the National Assembly of Togo, since 1975 but the enforcement by the National Police only started in Jun 2013 upon enactment of a new road code.[51][52]
 UAE All 2010 Dubai[30]
 Ukraine None
 United Kingdom None [28][53]
 United States [note 3] [note 4]
 Uruguay None 2015 [54]
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See also

Notes

  1. The federal Government of Canada has not passed any legislation regarding the use of bicycle helmets. Compulsory use of helmets for those of a certain age is dependent on the province/territory.
  2. Legislation on bicycle helmet use in Canada was passed by provincial/territorial governments, and not the federal government. 1995 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in New Brunswick, and Ontario; 1996 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in British Columbia; 1997 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in Nova Scotia; 2002 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in Alberta; 2003 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in Prince Edward Island; 2013 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in Manitoba; 2015 was the last change to bicycle helmet-related legislation in Newfoundland and Labrador.
  3. The federal government of the United States has not passed any legislation over the use of bicycle helmets. Compulsory use of helmets for those of a certain age is dependent on local/state legislation.
  4. The federal government of the United States has not passed any legislation over the use of bicycle helmets. Legislation on bicycle helmet use in the United States are passed by local/state governments within the United States.
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References

Further reading

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