Battle of Chieveley

The Battle of Chieveley took place on 15 November 1899, and was an ambush on a British armored train travelling from Estcourt to Colenso in a reconnaissance mission. Boer forces under the command of Louis Botha, which comprised primarily the Italian Volunteer Legion, ambushed the armored train, and derailed it, taking most of the British soldiers prisoner. Commanding the British forces on the armored train was Colonel Charles James Long, who had received reports a day earlier about Boers in the area, hence the reason for sending out the armored train.^[1][3]

Battle of Chieveley
Part of the Second Boer War
Illustration depicting the ambushed train and the battle.
Date 15 November 1899 Location Chieveley, South Africa 28°52′24.8″S 29°46′08.2″E Result Boer victory
Belligerents
United Kingdom	South African Republic Italian Volunteer Legion
Commanders and leaders
Charles James Long Aylmer Haldane	Louis Botha Camillo Ricchiardi
Strength
120 men[1]	~200 Boers
Casualties and losses
2 dead 20 wounded 80 captured[2]	unknown

Background

After the Boers surrounded the and besieged the British garrison under General White at Ladysmith on 2 November, the remaining Natal Field Force headed south towards Colenso and Estcourt.^[4] On 3 November, the Boers fired on the garrison at Colenso, and they subsequently retreated from their position, and joined the rest of the Force at Estcourt. On 9 November, an armored train had made its way to Colenso, where it observed the Boer positions and the abandoned British defenses. Boer forces under Louis Botha advanced south from the Tugela River,^[5] and moved to occupy Weenen.

Battle

On 15 November, Colonel Long organized a reconnaissance force to head from Estcourt to Colenso, as they had received reports of Boers heading towards Estcourt and Weenen.^[1] The train passed Frere station, and Natal Police reported that all was clear ahead. The train continued towards Colenso when they passed a Boer position 600 yards away from them. The artillery on board the train opened fire, followed in quick succession by the riflemen, and the train reversed in order to get closer to the Boer position. Just a bit further past was a ridge, in which Boer artillery and a Maxim "Pom Pom" was situated. The Boers opened fire with their artillery and derailed the three train cars.^[3] Winston Churchill, who was present as a correspondent, along with Lt. Frankland, managed to pile the wounded onto the engine, whilst Captain Haldane held off the Boer forces. The engine was still operational, and Churchill and Frankland sent the train down towards Estcourt, where it reached safety.^[1][6] Churchill then returned to the battlefield to assist Haldane in holding off the Boers. The rest of the forces present tried to hold off the Boers, with a few managing to head back to Estcourt.^[5] The rest of the British force was captured by the Boers.

Composition of British Forces present[1]
4 Sailors from the HMS Tartar
4 Sections, Dublin Fusiliers
1 Company, Durban Light Infantry

Aftermath

After the armored train was captured by the Boers, they continued moving south. By 21 November, they had advanced towards Estcourt, where they occupied the hills around the city. The British forces were worried that the Boers would move south and occupy Pietermaritzburg, and the city began construction of earthworks, and stationing naval guns on the nearby hills. ^[4] The Boers, under General Joubert, moved further south, reaching the hills in an area called Willow Grange. Walter Kitchener dispatched forces from further down the line in order to halt the Boer advance on 23 November, resulting in the Battle of Willow Grange.^[5] Whilst the battle was a loss, it halted the Boer advance, and Joubert withdrew his troops on 24 November, retiring to Colenso. Buller and his relief force soon arrived, and began pushing towards Colenso and the besieged city of Ladysmith.

References

1. Spencer Churchill, Winston (May 6, 1900). "London to Ladysmith via Pretoria - Chapter 7". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
2. Conan Doyle, Arthur (September 1902). "The Great Boer War - Chapter 13". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
3. Rhys Jones, Richard (October 11, 2021). "Churchill and the Armoured Train Incident". Historic UK. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
4. Spencer Churchill, Winston (May 6, 1900). "London to Ladysmith via Pretoria - Chapter 5". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
5. Conan Doyle, Arthur (September 1902). "The Great Boer War - Chapter 13". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
6. Creswicke, Louis (August 6, 2008). "South Africa and the Transvaal War Vol. 2". Project Gutenberg. Retrieved September 12, 2024.