Battle of Carnifex Ferry

The Battle of Carnifex Ferry took place on September 10, 1861 in Nicholas County, Virginia (now West Virginia), as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a Union strategic victory that contributed to the eventual Confederate withdrawal from western Virginia, which in turn led to the creation of the State of West Virginia two years later.

Battle of Carnifex Ferry
Part of the American Civil War
Patterson House
Date September 10, 1861 (1861-09-10) Location Nicholas County, Virginia (now West Virginia) 38°12′32″N 80°56′19″W Result Union victory[1]
Belligerents
United States of America (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
William S. Rosecrans	John B. Floyd
Strength
~5,000	~2,000
Casualties and losses
17 killed 141 wounded	unknown killed 30 wounded

The battle took its name from a former settlement, which was named after the local Carnefix family.^[2]

Opposing forces

Union

Further information: Union order of battle

Confederate

Further information: Confederate order of battle

The battle

In late August 1861, Confederate forces under Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd crossed the Gauley River and surprised the 7th Ohio Infantry under Col. Erastus Tyler at Kessler's Cross Lanes.^[3] Outnumbered, Tyler's inexperienced men were routed, and Floyd camped near Carnifex Ferry. The Confederates began throwing up entrenchments on the Henry Patteson farm (located on the rim of the Gauley River Canyon near Summersville).

Concerned about Floyd's drive to reclaim the Kanawha Valley, Union Brigadier General William S. Rosecrans led three brigades of infantry southward from Clarksburg to support Tyler's regrouped regiment. Moving into position on the afternoon of September 10, Rosecrans advanced against Floyd's campsite and attacked. The Confederate lines repulsed the attacks and the Federal casualties were significantly higher than the defenders. The strength of Rosecrans's artillery proved to be problematic however, and Floyd decided to retreat that night across the ferry to the south side of the Gauley River. He subsequently moved eastward to Meadow Bluff near Lewisburg.

Floyd, seeking to deflect the blame, placed the responsibility for the defeat on his co-commander Brigadier General Henry A. Wise, furthering the dissension that marked the Confederate high command in western Virginia.

Battlefield preservation

In October 1935, the battlefield was preserved as Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park.^[4]

Gallery

• 
  A map of the battle
• 
  General Floyd's troops retreat across the river
• 
  Map of Carnifex Ferry Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program

See also

• American Civil War portal

• Thomas J. Kelly (Irish nationalist)

References

1. CWSAC Battle Summary, National Park Service Archived February 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
2. Kenny, Hamill (1945). West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains. Piedmont, WV: The Place Name Press. p. 156.
3. "Kessler's Cross Lanes". CWSAC Battle Summaries. National Park Service. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
4. Where People and Nature Meet: A History of the West Virginia State Parks. Charleston, West Virginia: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company. April 1988. ISBN 0-933126-91-3.

External links

• Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park's website
• The West Virginia Review, 1931: Detailed overview of the battle