Battle of Aliaga

The Battle of Aliaga was fought on September 4–5, 1897, between the Philippine revolutionaries of Nueva Ecija and the Spanish forces of Governor General Primo de Rivera.

Battle of Aliaga
Part of the Philippine Revolution
Date September 4–5, 1897 Location Aliaga, Nueva Ecija Result Filipino victory
Belligerents
Tejeros Government	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of the Philippines
Commanders and leaders
Emilio Aguinaldo Manuel Tinio Mamerto Natividad Casimiro Tinio Pio del Pilar Jose Ignacio Paua Eduardo Llanera	Fernando Primo de Rivera Ricardo Monet General Nuñez
Strength
5,000 men[1]: 421	8,000 men[2]: 188
Casualties and losses
8 dead, 10 wounded	1 dead, 44 wounded[3]: 421

Background

With his forces evacuating out of Cavite, Aguinaldo and his forces retreated to Puray, Montalban, winning a battle there and eventually found his way to central Luzon. He and his forces then relocated the revolutionary capital at Biak-na-Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan in June 24, 1897. From there, he exercised his authority as the revolutionary president of the Republica Filipina^[4] and sent letters to all islands in the Philippine islands encouraging the natives to rise up against Spain.^[5]

The battle

On September 4, with the principal objective of acquiring provisions lacking in Biac-na-Bato, President Emilio Aguinaldo directed orders to Gen. Natividad and Col. Manuel Tinio to unite their forces with those of Col. Casimiro Tinio, Gen. Pio del Pilar, Col. Jose Paua and Eduardo Llanera for a combined dawn attack on Aliaga. (Casimiro Tinio, popularly known as ‘Capitan Berong', was an elder brother of Manuel through his father's first marriage.) The following morning was described as "The most glorious battle of the rebellion". The rebel forces, numbering about between 4,000-5,000 men,^[6]: 421 took the church and convent, the Casa Tribunal and other government buildings. The commander of the Spanish detachment died in the first moments of fighting, while those who survived were locked up in the thick-walled jail.^{[citation needed]} The rebels then proceeded to entrench themselves and fortify several houses. The following day, Sunday the 5th, the church and convent as well as a group of houses were put to the torch due to exigencies of defense.^{[citation needed]}

Spanish counterattack

Alarmed by these sudden attacks, Governor General Primo de Rivera fielded 8,000 men^[7]: 188 under the command of Gen. Ricardo Monet and Gen. Nuñez. The latter commanded a column of reinforcements that arrived in the afternoon of the 6th, they were met with such a tremendous hail of bullets that the general, two captains and many soldiers were wounded, forcing the Spaniards to retreat a kilometer away from the town to await the arrival of Gen. Monet and his men. Even with the reinforcements, the Spaniards were overcautious in attacking the rebels there, and halted their attack for the rest of the day. The Filipinos held the town of Aliaga for the rest of the day up into the night of September 5.

See also

• Battle of Binakayan
• Retreat to Montalban
• Cry of Nueva Ecija

References

1. United States War Department (1903). Annual reports of the War Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903: Report of the Chief of Engineers; Supplement to the report of the Chief of Engineers. ISBN 9780332735498. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
2. Renato Constantino, Letizia R. Constantino (1975). A History of the Philippines. NYU Press. ISBN 9780853453949. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
3. United States War Department (1903). Annual reports of the War Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903: Report of the Chief of Engineers; Supplement to the report of the Chief of Engineers. ISBN 9780332735498. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
4. Guevara, Sulpicio, ed. (1972) [1898]. The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899. English translation by Sulpicio Guevara. Manila: National Historical Commission. ISBN 978-9715380553. OCLC 715140.
5. "Aguinaldo's Long March". The Manila Times. 4 June 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
6. United States War Department (1903). Annual reports of the War Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903: Report of the Chief of Engineers; Supplement to the report of the Chief of Engineers. ISBN 9780332735498. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
7. Renato Constantino, Letizia R. Constantino (1975). A History of the Philippines. NYU Press. ISBN 9780853453949. Retrieved 28 March 2021.