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Major river in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Barito River is the second longest river in Borneo after the Kapuas River with a total length of 1,090 km (680 mi) and a drainage basin of over 80,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi) in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It originates in the Müller Mountain Range, from where it flows southward into the Java Sea. Its most important affluent is the Negara and Martapura, and it passes through the city of Banjarmasin.[6][7]
| Barito River Sungai Barito, Sungai Dusun, Soengai Doesoen, Sungi Banjer, Sungi Dunsun, Soengai Baritoe, Sungai Banjar, Sungai Banjarmasin, Sungai Banjar Besar | |
|---|---|
Barito and other rivers in Central and South Kalimantan | |
  Location of river mouth  Barito River (Indonesia) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Murung River |
| • location | Müller Mountain Range |
| Mouth | |
• location | Java Sea |
• coordinates | 3°30′55″S 114°29′28″E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | Barito–Murung 1,090 km (680 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 81,675 km2 (31,535 sq mi)[1] |
| Width | |
| • average | 250–400 m (820–1,310 ft)[2] |
| Depth | |
| • average | 8–18 m (26–59 ft)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Barito Delta |
| • average | 4,514 m3/s (159,400 cu ft/s)[3] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Java Sea |
| River system | Barito River[4] |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Murung, Lampuya, Babuat, Laung, Lahei, Montallat, Tapen, Ajuh, Karau, Napu, Paminggir, Negara, Martapura |
| • right | Joloi, Bakanon, Lemu, Muning, Mangkatip, Kapuas[5] |
This river is the location of the closest relative of the Malagasy language of Madagascar, the Ma'anyan language of Dayaks, from where settlers arrived in Madagascar (presumably in waves) from the 3rd to 10th century and from which the current island nation's population largely traces its origins.
The river flows in the southeast area of Borneo with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[8] The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C (75 °F). The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 26 °C (79 °F), and the coldest is January, at 20 °C (68 °F).[9] The average annual rainfall is 2,735–3,000 mm (107.7–118.1 in). The wettest month is December, with an average of 437 mm (17.2 in) rainfall, and the driest is September, with a 62 mm (2.4 in) rainfall.[10]
| Period | Discharge | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Barito Delta | ||
| 2008–2015 | 5,497 m3/s (194,100 cu ft/s) | [1] |
| 2003–2016 | 4,514 m3/s (159,400 cu ft/s) | [3] |
| 1970–2000 | 129 km3/a (4,100 m3/s) | [11] |
| Banjarmasin | ||
| 2006–2011 | 4,502 m3/s (159,000 cu ft/s) | [12] |
| Muara Teweh | ||
| 1971–2000 | 1,815.85 m3/s (64,126 cu ft/s) | [13] |
| Left tributary | Right tributary | Length (km) | Basin size (km2) | Average discharge (m3/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barito | 1,090 | 81,675 | 4,514 | |
| Martapura | 61.25 | 3,791.3 | 171.8 | |
| Negara | 128.25 | 10,757.6 | 413.8 | |
| Kapuas | 714.7 | 14,473.4 | 837.8 | |
| Mengkatip | 1,329.2 | 51.3 | ||
| Paminggir | 630.1 | 23.7 | ||
| Napu | 75.66 | 982.7 | 36.5 | |
| Muning | 605.4 | 24.9 | ||
| Karau | 94.9 | 1,822.1 | 68.9 | |
| Ajuh | 94.66 | 1,360.3 | 61.2 | |
| Tapen | 487.8 | 27.1 | ||
| Montallat | 853.9 | 48.5 | ||
| Lemu | 51.28 | 558.9 | 34.7 | |
| Lahei | 142.75 | 2,882.3 | 192.7 | |
| Laung | 143.5 | 2,921.9 | 212.7 | |
| Bakanon | 363.8 | 25.9 | ||
| Babuat | 29.25 | 334.2 | 24.3 | |
| Lampuya | 336.4 | 24.7 | ||
| Murung | 258 | 7,410.7 | 555.1 | |
| Joloi (Djulai) | 169.5 | 8,268.5 | 713.5 | |
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