Bairdemys

Bairdemys is an extinct genus of side-necked turtles in the family Podocnemididae. The genus existed from the Late Oligocene to Late Miocene and its fossils have been found in South Carolina, Puerto Rico, Panama and Venezuela. The genus was described in 2002 by Gaffney & Wood and the type species is B. hartsteini.

Bairdemys Temporal range: Late Oligocene-Late Miocene ~24–7.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Pleurodira
Family:	Podocnemididae
Subtribe:	†Stereogenyina
Infratribe:	†Bairdemydita Gaffney et al. 2011
Genus:	†Bairdemys Gaffney & Wood 2002[1]
Type species
†Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney & Wood 2002
Species
†Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney & Wood 2002[2] †Bairdemys healeyorum Weems & Knight 2013[3] †Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008[4] †Bairdemys thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015[5] †Bairdemys venezuelensis Wood & Díaz 1971[6] †Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008[7]

Taxonomy

Bairdemys belonged to the Stereogenyini, a tribe of the subfamily Erymnochelyinae that had adapted to coastal marine habitats and was successful from the late Oligocene through much of the Neogene. This tribe was primarily diverse along the coastlines of the Tethys (and later Indian) ocean of Africa and Asia, with Bairdemys being the only genus inhabiting the coastlines of the western Atlantic Ocean along the Americas. The separation between the Afro-Asian Stereogenyita and the American Bairdemydita (containing only Bairdemys) appears to have occurred at the start of the Late Oligocene.^[8]

Description

The first species in the genus described was B. venezuelensis as Podocnemis venezuelensis by Wood and Díaz de Gamero in 1971.^[9]

Species

• †B. hartsteini Gaffney & Wood 2002^[2]
• †B. healeyorum Weems & Knight 2013^[3]
• †B. sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008^[4]
• †B. thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015^[5]
• †B. venezuelensis Wood & Díaz 1971^[6]
• †B. winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008^[7]

Phylogeny

Bairdemys was placed phylogenetically by Ferreira et al. in 2015.^[10]

Distribution

Bairdemys fossil locations
Urumaco Formation
Alajuela Formation
Capadare & Castillo Formations
Cibao Formation
Chandler Bridge Formation

Fossils of Bairdemys have been found in:^[1]

Late Oligocene

• Chandler Bridge Formation, Arikareean, South Carolina

Early-Mid Miocene

• Cibao Formation, Hemingfordian, Puerto Rico
• El Miedo Cave, Capadare and Castillo Formations, Laventan, Venezuela

Late Miocene

• Alajuela Formation, earliest Clarendonian, Panama
• Urumaco Formation, Chasicoan, Venezuela

See also

• Carbonemys
• Stupendemys

References

1. Bairdemys at Fossilworks.org
2. Bairdemys hartsteini at Fossilworks.org
3. Bairdemys healeyorum at Fossilworks.org
4. Bairdemys sanchezi at Fossilworks.org
5. Bairdemys thalassica at Fossilworks.org
6. Bairdemys venezuelensis at Fossilworks.org
7. Bairdemys winklerae at Fossilworks.org
8. Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Joyce, Walter G. (2018-11-15). "A taxonomic reassessment of Piramys auffenbergi, a neglected turtle from the late Miocene of Piram Island, Gujarat, India". PeerJ. 6: e5938. doi:10.7717/peerj.5938. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6240434. PMID 30479901.
9. Gaffney et al., 2008
10. Ferreira et al., 2015, p.10

Bibliography

• Domning, D.P (1997), "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region. VI. Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17 (2): 397–412, Bibcode:1997JVPal..17..397D, doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010984, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Langer, Max C. (2015), "The last marine pelomedusoids (Testudines: Pleurodira): a new species of Bairdemys and the paleoecology of Stereogenyina" (PDF), PeerJ, 3: 1–29, doi:10.7717/peerj.1063, PMC 4493680, PMID 26157628, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Gaffney, E.S.; Scheyer, T.M.; Johnson, K.G.; Bocquetin, J.; Aguilera, O.A. (2008), "Two new species of the side necked turtle genus, Bairdemys (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae), from the Miocene of Venezuela", Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 82 (2): 209–229, Bibcode:2008PalZ...82..209G, doi:10.1007/BF02988411, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Gaffney, Eugene S.; Wood, Roger C. (2008), "Bairdemys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Miocene of the Caribbean", American Museum Novitates (3359): 1–28, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.575.7289, doi:10.1206/607.1, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Lundberg, J.G.; Aguilera, O.A. (2003), "The late Miocene Phractocephalus catfish (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Urumaco, Venezuela: additional specimens and reinterpretation as a distinct species", Neotropical Ichthyology, 1 (2): 97–109, doi:10.1590/S1679-62252003000200004, retrieved 2019-02-20
• MacFadden, Bruce J.; Jones, Douglas S.; Jud, Nathan A.; Moreno Bernal, Jorge W.; Morgan, Gary S.; Portell, Roger W.; Pérez, Victor J.; Moran, Sean M.; Wood, Aaron R. (2017), "Integrated Chronology, Flora and Faunas, and Paleoecology of the Alajuela Formation, Late Miocene of Panama", PLoS ONE, 12 (1): 1–27, Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270300M, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170300, PMID 28107398
• MacPhee, R.D.E.; Wyss, A.R. (1990), "Oligo-Miocene vertebrates from Puerto Rico, with a catalog of localities", American Museum Novitates (2965): 1–45, hdl:2246/5121?show=full, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Sánchez Villagra, M.R.; Burnham, R.J.; Campbell, D.C.; Feldmann, R.M.; Gaffney, E.S.; Kay, R.S.; Lozsan, R.; Purdy, R.; Thewissen, J.G.M. (2000), "A new near-shore marine fauna and flora from the early Neogene of northwestern Venezuela", Journal of Paleontology, 74 (5): 957–968, Bibcode:2000JPal...74..957S, doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0957:ANNSMF>2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Scheyer, T.M.; Delfino, M. (2016), "The late Miocene caimanine fauna (Crocodylia: Alligatoroidea) of the Urumaco Formation, Venezuela", Palaeontologia Electronica, 19: 1–57, retrieved 2019-02-20
• Scheyer, T.M.; Aguilera, O.A.; Delfino, M.; Fortier, D.C.; Carlini, A.A.; Sánchez, R.; Carrillo Briceño, J.D.; Quiroz, L.; Sánchez Villagra, M.R. (2013), "Crocodylian diversity peak and extinction in the late Cenozoic of the northern Neotropics", Nature Communications, 4: 1–9, Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1907S, doi:10.1038/ncomms2940, PMID 23695701, retrieved 2019-02-20

Further reading

• Wood, R.C.; Díaz, M.L. (1971), "Podocnemis venezuelensis, a new fossil pelomedusid (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Pliocene of Venezuela and a review of the history of Podocnemis in South America", Breviora, 376: 1–23