Ayenia

Ayenia
	Ayenia compacta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malvales
Family:	Malvaceae
Subfamily:	Byttnerioideae
Tribe:	Byttnerieae
Genus:	Ayenia; L. (1756)
Species
	217; See text
Synonyms
	Buettneria L. (1774); Byttneria Loefl. (1758); Chaetaea Jacq. (1760); Cybiostigma Turcz. (1852); Dayena Adans. (1763), nom. illeg.; Dayena Monier ex Mill. (1756); Heterophyllum Bojer ex Hook. (1830), not validly publ.; Lorentzia Hieron. (1881), nom. illeg.; Nephropetalum B.L.Rob. & Greenm. (1896); Pentaceros G.Mey. (1818); Rayleya Cristóbal (1981); Telfairia F.Newman ex Hook. (1830), not validly publ.; Watsonia Boehm. (1760), nom. superfl.;

Ayenia is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It includes 216 species^[2] of subshrubs, shrubs, small trees, and lianas.^[3] They are native to the tropical Americas and southwestern United States, tropical Africa, and tropical Asia.^[2]

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Description

Ayenia includes subshrubs, shrubs, small trees, and lianas. The genus is distinguished by its tiny yet extraordinarily complex flowers.^[3]

Ecology

Species of Ayenia grow in diverse habitats, from open areas in dry and seasonally-dry regions to humid forests, river banks, and from lowlands to high elevations.^[3]

Byttneria species are host plants to insects such as beetles of the genus Lonchophorellus.^[4]

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Taxonomy

Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya were formerly described as separate genera, with Ayenia having a Neotropical distribution, Byttneria as a Pantropical genus, and Rayleya as a monotypic genus with a single Brazilian species, Rayleya bahiensis. A phylogenetic analysis found that Byttneria was paraphyletic and Ayenia was nested within it, and Rayleya was a sister clade to the others.^[3] In 2018 Christenhusz and Byng transferred the Byttneria and Rayleya names to Ayenia, which had nomenclatural priority.^[5]

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Species

217 species are currently accepted.^[2] Selected species include:

Ayenia abutilifolia (Turcz.) Turcz.
Ayenia abutiloides (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia acalyphifolia Griseb.
Ayenia aculeata (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia acuminata Rusby
Ayenia aemulata Cristóbal
Ayenia affinis (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia albiflora Colli-Silva & I.L.Morais
Ayenia aliculata Cristóbal
Ayenia ambongensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia ancistrodonta (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia andamensis (Kurz) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia angulata (Hassk.) ined.
Ayenia angustifolia A.St.-Hil. & Naudin
Ayenia aprica Cristóbal
Ayenia ardua Cristóbal – Wingstem ayenia
Ayenia arenesii Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia aristeguietae (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia asplundii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng – Ecuador and Peru
Ayenia asterotricha (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia atrata (Bullock) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia attenuatifolia (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia aurantiaca (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia australis (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia bahiensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia baronii (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia beccarii (Warb.) ined.
Ayenia benensis (Britton) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia berlandieri S.Watson
Ayenia bernieri (Hochr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia besalampensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia beyrichiana (K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia biloba (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia blanchetiana K.Schum.
Ayenia boliviana Rusby
Ayenia byttnerioides Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia cajalbanensis Alain
Ayenia campicola (Taub.) ined.
Ayenia capillata (Cristóbal) ined.
Ayenia caripensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia catalpifolia (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia celebica (Hochr.) ined.
Ayenia celtoides (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia compacta Rose – California ayenia
Ayenia conciliata Cristóbal
Ayenia corchorifolia (Turcz.) Dorr
Ayenia cordata (Lam.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia cordobensis (Hieron.) Hieron.
Ayenia coriacea (Britton) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia corylifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia crenulata (Wall. ex Mast.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia cristobaliana (Dorr) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia crotonoides Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia cuatrecasasii Cristóbal
Ayenia cubensis A.Rodr.
Ayenia curtisii (Oliv.) ined.
Ayenia dahomensis (N.Hallé) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia decaryana (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia dentata Brandegee
Ayenia divaricata (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia donatica Cristóbal
Ayenia ekmanii (Urb.) ined.
Ayenia elegans (Ridl.) ined.
Ayenia eliae Cristóbal
Ayenia elliptica (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia ellipticifolia (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia erecta Mart. ex K.Schum.
Ayenia erosa (Gagnep.) ined.
Ayenia euphrasiifolia Griseb. – Eyebright ayenia
Ayenia fasiculata Millsp. ex Standl.
Ayenia fernandesii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia filiformis S.Watson – Trans-Pecos ayenia
Ayenia filipes (Mart. ex K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia flaccida (Span.) ined.
Ayenia flexuosa (Killip) Christenh. & Byng – Ecuador
Ayenia fluvialis (Fryxell & Guadarr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia fontis (Cristóbal) ined.
Ayenia fruticosa Rose
Ayenia fulva (Poepp.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia gayana (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia geminifolia (Turcz.) Dorr
Ayenia genistella (Triana & Planch.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia glabra S.Watson – Smooth ayenia
Ayenia glabrescens K.Schum.
Ayenia glazioui (Hochr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia gracilipes (Decne. ex Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia grandifolia (DC.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia grisea Machuca-Machuca
Ayenia guineensis (Keay & Milne-Redh.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia hatschbachii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia herbacea (Roxb.) ined.
Ayenia heteromorpha (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia heterophylla (Hook.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia hirsuta (Ruiz & Pav.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia hirta A.St.-Hil. & Naudin
Ayenia humbertiana (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia idroboi (Cristóbal) ined.
Ayenia implicabilis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia incallida Cristóbal
Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal – Dwarf ayenia
Ayenia integrifolia (Lace) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia irwinii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia ivorensis (N.Hallé) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia jackiana (Wall.) ined.
Ayenia jaculifolia (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia jaliscana S.Watson
Ayenia jaramilloana (Dorr) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia jussieui Cristóbal
Ayenia juzepczukii Ulbr.
Ayenia klugii Cristóbal & Arbo
Ayenia krapovickasii Cristóbal
Ayenia laevigata Sw.
Ayenia lancifolia (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia lasiophylla (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia latifolia Cristóbal
Ayenia latipetala (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia limitaris Cristóbal – Rio Grande ayenia, Texas ayenia
Ayenia lingulata Griseb.
Ayenia lobata (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia lopez-mirandae (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia loxensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia lucida (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia luyensis Cristóbal
Ayenia macrantha (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia macrophylla (Kunth) ined.
Ayenia magna L.
Ayenia maingayi (Mast.) ined.
Ayenia mansfeldiana (Herter) Cristóbal
Ayenia mastatalensis Cristóbal & N.Zamora
Ayenia mastersii (Cristóbal) ined.
Ayenia melantha (Mart. ex K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia melastomifolia (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia melleri (Baker) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia micrantha Standl.
Ayenia microphylla A.Gray – Dense ayenia, shrubby ayenia
Ayenia minytricha (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia mirandae Cristóbal
Ayenia morifolia (Triana & Planch.) ined.
Ayenia morii (L.C.Barnett & Dorr) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia nervosa Cristóbal
Ayenia nitidula (Baker) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia noblickii Cristóbal
Ayenia nossibeensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia nummularia Cristóbal
Ayenia obcordata (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia obliqua (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia oblongata (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia oblongifolia (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia obtusata (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia odonellii Cristóbal
Ayenia oligantha (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia oranensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia ostenii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia ovata Hemsl.
Ayenia ovatifolia (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia palmeri A.Gray
Ayenia palustris (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia paniculata Rose
Ayenia parviflora Sessé & Moc.
Ayenia pedersenii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia peninsularis Brandegee
Ayenia peregrina Cristóbal
Ayenia perrieri (Hochr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia pescapraeifolia (Britton) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia petiolata (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia pilosa Cristóbal – Hairy ayenia
Ayenia piresii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia praecipua Cristóbal
Ayenia praeclara Sandwith
Ayenia purpusii Brandegee
Ayenia pusilla L.
Ayenia ramosissima (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia reinwardtii (Korth.) ined.
Ayenia rhamnifolia (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia rojasii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia rotundifolia Hemsl.
Ayenia rubriflora (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia sagasteguii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia sagittifolia (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia saligna Dorr
Ayenia sambiranensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia scabra (L.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia scabrida (Ridl.) ined.
Ayenia scalpellata (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia schumanniana Kuntze
Ayenia schumannii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia schunkei (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia scorpiura (C.Wright ex Griseb.) ined.
Ayenia sidifolia (Turcz.) Hemsl.
Ayenia simulatrix Cristóbal
Ayenia sparrei (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia spinosa A.Rodr. & Bisse
Ayenia spinulosa R.E.Fr.
Ayenia standleyi Cristóbal
Ayenia stenophylla (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia stipularis Triana & Planch.
Ayenia subsessilis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia subtilis Cristóbal
Ayenia tenuicaulis Urb.
Ayenia tomentosa L.
Ayenia tortilis (Gagnep.) ined.
Ayenia triadenia (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia truncata Rose
Ayenia tucumanensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia uaupensis (Spruce ex K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia urosepala (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia urticifolia (K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia vargasii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia velutina Urb.
Ayenia violacea Urb.
Ayenia virgata Urb. & Ekman
Ayenia vitifolia (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia voulily (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia weberbaueri (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
Ayenia wrightii B.L.Rob.
Ayenia wygodzinskyi Cristóbal
Ayenia xochipilliae Cristóbal

References

[1]
"Taxon: Ayenia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-05. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
[2]
Ayenia L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
[3]
Whitlock, B. A., & Hale, A. M. (2011). The phylogeny of Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya (Malvaceae s.l.) and its implications for the evolution of growth forms. Systematic Botany, 36(1), 129-136.
[4]
Clark, W. 1989. Lonchophorellus Clark, un nuevo género de Anthomini neotropical (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine The Coleopterists Bulletin v. 43, no. 3 p. 279-289.
[5]
Dorr, L.J. 2023. New combinations in Ayenia (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) for the flora of Ecuador. Phytoneuron 2023-04: 1– 5. Published 17 February 2023. ISSN 2153-733X

External links

Data related to Ayenia at Wikispecies
Media related to Ayenia at Wikimedia Commons
Jepson Manual Treatment
USDA Plants Profile

[GRIN-1] [1]
"Taxon: Ayenia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-05. Retrieved 2011-02-20.

[powo-2] [2]
Ayenia L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 January 2024.

[Whitlock-3] [3]
Whitlock, B. A., & Hale, A. M. (2011). The phylogeny of Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya (Malvaceae s.l.) and its implications for the evolution of growth forms. Systematic Botany, 36(1), 129-136.

[4] [4]
Clark, W. 1989. Lonchophorellus Clark, un nuevo género de Anthomini neotropical (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine The Coleopterists Bulletin v. 43, no. 3 p. 279-289.

[5] [5]
Dorr, L.J. 2023. New combinations in Ayenia (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) for the flora of Ecuador. Phytoneuron 2023-04: 1– 5. Published 17 February 2023. ISSN 2153-733X

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