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American aircraft engine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lycoming O-320 is a large family of naturally aspirated, 320 cu in (5.2 L) air-cooled, horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, direct-drive engines produced by Lycoming Engines. Introduced in 1953, it is commonly used on light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee, and remains in production as of 2024. Different variants are rated for 150 or 160 horsepower (112 or 119 kilowatts).[1]
O-320 | |
---|---|
A Lycoming O-320-D2A installed in a Symphony SA-160 | |
Type | Piston aero-engine |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Lycoming Engines |
Major applications | Cessna 172 Piper PA-28 Cherokee Piper PA-18-150 Super Cub |
Produced | 1953–present |
The O-320 family of engines includes the carbureted O-320, the fuel-injected IO-320, the inverted mount, fuel-injected AIO-320 and the aerobatic, fuel-injected AEIO-320 series. The LIO-320 is a "left-handed" version with the crankshaft rotating in the opposite direction for use on twin-engined aircraft to eliminate the critical engine.[2][3]
The first O-320 (with no suffix) was FAA certified on 28 July 1953 to CAR 13 effective 5 March 1952; this same engine was later re-designated, without change, as the O-320-A1A.[2] The first IO-320 was certified on 10 April 1961, with the AIO-320 following on 23 June 1969 and the first aerobatic AEIO-320 on 12 April 1974. The LIO-320s were both certified on 28 August 1969.[2][3]
The O-320 family of engines externally resembles the Lycoming O-235 and O-290 family from which they were derived. The O-320 shares the same 3.875 in (98 mm) stroke as the smaller engines, but produces more power with the bore increased to 5.125 in (130 mm). The design uses hydraulic tappets and incorporates the provisions for a hydraulically controlled propeller installation as well. The controllable-pitch propeller models use a different crankshaft from those intended for fixed-pitch propellers.[4]
The O-320 uses a conventional wet sump system for lubrication. The main bearings, connecting rods, camshaft bearings, tappets and pushrods are all pressure lubricated, while the piston pins, cylinder walls and gears are all lubricated by spray. The oil system is pressurized by an accessory-drive mounted oil pump. A remotely mounted oil cooler is used, connected to the engine by flexible hoses.[4]
The 150 hp (112 kW) versions of the carbureted O-320, are approved for the use of 87 AKI automotive gasoline. Models with 9.0:1 compression ratio are not approved, such as the H2AD model. All other 160 hp (119 kW) 0-320s are approved for 91 AKI. Airframe approval is also necessary to use automotive gasoline in any certified aircraft.[5]
The factory retail price of the O-320 varies by model. In 2010 the retail price of an O-320-B1A purchased outright was USD$47,076[6]
Data from TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. E-274 Revision 20[2]
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