Asil chicken

The Asil or Aseel is an Indian breed or group of breeds of game chicken. It is distributed in much of India, particularly in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha;^[2] it has been exported to several other countries. Similar fowl are found throughout much of Southeast Asia.^{[citation needed]}

Asil

Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at risk[1]: 151  DAD-IS (2021): unknown[2]
Other names	Aseel
Country of origin	India , Pakistan
Distribution	International
Use	cock-fighting meat
Traits
Weight	Male: Large: Minimum 3 Kg - Maximum 6Kg [2] Reza: 1.80–2.70 kg[3]: 50  Bantam: 1100 g[3]: 50  Female: Large: 2.6 kg[2] Reza: 1.35–2.25 kg[3]: 50  Bantam: 900 g[3]: 50
Egg colour	tinted, cream to brown[4]: 9
Classification
APA	all other standard breeds[5]: 16
EE	yes[6]
PCGB	Asian hard feather[7]
Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus

It is one of the parent breeds of the Indian Game, developed in the West Country of England in the early nineteenth century.^[8]

History

The Asil originated in the Indian subcontinent, the area that includes modern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka;^[9] it is thought to be among the oldest breeds of fighting cock.^{[10]: 47 [11]} The word "Asil" is from Arabic, and means "purebred".^[9] In India, it is a general term for all fighting breeds.^[4]

In India the Asil is distributed particularly in the Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh, in the Bastar and Dantiwara districts of Chhattisgarh, and in the Koraput and Malkanagiri districts of Odisha.^[2] It is also present in Bangladesh and Pakistan, which were part of British India until Partition, and is found in other countries including Australia, Guatemala, Honduras, Ireland, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay.^[12]

An Asil bantam was created in the late nineteenth century by the British breeder William Flamank Entwisle;^[13]: 47 it became popular in Britain and in Holland, but later died out.^[9] In the 1980s it was re-created in Belgium by Willy Coppens, using Shamo, Indian Game and Reza Asil; it is bred in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Holland, Hungary and the United Kingdom, in a variety of colours.^[9]

In 2005 the Asil was the only Indian breed of chicken not in need of conservation.^[14]: 17 In 2007 its global conservation status was listed by the FAO as "not at risk".^[1]: 151 In 2021 its status was reported to DAD-IS as "unknown";^[2] the Livestock Conservancy in the United States listed it as "threatened".^[15]

Characteristics

Head of a Kulang cock

Asil chicken of the long-tailed variety

A Reza cock and hens

Use

Asil hens are not good layers, but sit well.^{[citation needed]} They may lay about 70 eggs per year; the eggs vary from cream-coloured to brownish, and weigh approximately 40 g.^[2]