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The governor of Arizona is the head of government of the U.S. state of Arizona.[5] As the top elected official, the governor is the head of the executive branch of the Arizona state government and is charged with faithfully executing state laws.[5] The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arizona State Legislature;[6] to convene the legislature;[5] and to grant pardons,[7] with the exception of cases of impeachment. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[8] Arizona is one of the few states that currently does not have a governor's mansion or other official residence.
Governor of Arizona | |
---|---|
Government of Arizona | |
Style | The Honorable |
Status | |
Residence | No official residence |
Term length | Four years, renewable once consecutively[1] |
Constituting instrument | Arizona Constitution, article V[2] |
Inaugural holder | George W. P. Hunt |
Formation | February 14, 1912 |
Deputy | None (until 2027) Lieutenant Governor (expected from 2027) [3] |
Salary | $95,000 (2022)[4] |
Website | azgovernor |
Twenty-four people have served as governor over 28 distinct terms. All of the repeat governors were in the state's earliest years, when George W. P. Hunt and Thomas Edward Campbell alternated as governor for 17 years and, after a two-year gap, Hunt served another term. One governor, Evan Mecham, was successfully impeached, and one, Fife Symington, resigned upon being convicted of a felony. The longest-serving governor was Hunt, who was elected seven times and served just under fourteen years. The longest single stint was that of Bruce Babbitt, who was elected to two four-year terms after succeeding to the office following the death of his predecessor, Wesley Bolin, serving nearly nine years total. Bolin had the shortest tenure, dying less than five months after succeeding as governor. Arizona has had five female governors, the most in the United States, and was the first—and until 2019 (when Michelle Lujan Grisham succeeded Susana Martinez in neighboring New Mexico) the only—state where female governors served consecutively.
The current governor as of January 2, 2023, is Democrat Katie Hobbs.
In Tucson between April 2 and April 5, 1860, a convention of settlers from the southern half of New Mexico Territory drafted a provisional constitution for "Arizona Territory", three years before the United States would create such a territory. This proposed territory consisted of the part of New Mexico Territory south of 33° 40' north. On April 2,[9] they elected a governor, Lewis S. Owings. The provisional territory was to exist until such time as an official territory was created, but that proposal was rejected by Congress at the time.[10]
On March 16, 1861, soon before the American Civil War broke out, a convention in Mesilla voted that the provisional territory should secede from the Union and join the Confederacy.[11] Lewis S. Owings remained on as the provisional governor of the territory.
The Confederacy took ownership of the territory on August 1, 1861, when forces led by Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor won decisive control of the territory, and Baylor proclaimed himself governor.[12] Arizona Territory was formally organized in the Confederacy on January 18, 1862.[13] On March 20, 1862, Baylor issued an order to kill all the adult Apache and take their children into slavery.[12] When Confederate President Jefferson Davis learned of this order, he strongly disapproved and demanded an explanation. Baylor wrote a letter December 29, 1862, to justify his decision, and after this was received, Davis relieved Baylor of his post and commission, calling his letter an "avowal of an infamous crime". By that time, the Confederate government of Arizona Territory was in exile in San Antonio, Texas, as the territory had been effectively lost to Union forces in July 1862;[14] no new governor was appointed.
Arizona Territory was formed on February 24, 1863, from New Mexico Territory, remaining a territory for 49 years.[15]
The state of Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1912, the last of the contiguous states to be admitted.
The state constitution of 1912 called for the election of a governor every two years.[124] The term was increased to four years by a 1968 amendment.[125][126] The constitution originally included no term limit,[127] but an amendment passed in 1992 allows governors to succeed themselves only once;[124] before this, four governors were elected more than twice in a row. Gubernatorial terms begin on the first Monday in the January following the election.[124] Governors who have served the two term limit can run again after four years out of office.
Arizona is one of the few states which does not have a lieutenant governor. Instead, in the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the secretary of state, if elected, succeeds to the office. If the secretary of state was appointed rather than elected, or is otherwise ineligible to hold the office of governor, the next elected and eligible person in the line of succession assumes the office. The state constitution specifies the line of succession to be the Secretary of State, Attorney General, State Treasurer and Superintendent of Public Instruction, in that order.[128] If the governor is out of the state or impeached, the next elected officer in the line of succession becomes acting governor until the governor returns or is cleared.[128] In either case, any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms.
The line of succession has reached beyond the secretary of state only once, when Attorney General Bruce Babbitt became governor upon the death of Wesley Bolin. Rose Mofford had been appointed secretary of state to replace Bolin after Bolin succeeded to the governorship. Bolin had become governor when Raúl Héctor Castro resigned to accept appointment as ambassador to Argentina. Mofford later became acting governor after Evan Mecham was impeached by the House of Representatives, and succeeded to the governorship when Mecham was removed from office after his conviction by the Senate.
Starting with the 2026 election cycle, Arizona will have a lieutenant governor, pursuant to a 2022 amendment to the constitution.[129] Nominees will be chosen by each party's gubernatorial nominee, with the governor and lieutenant governor then chosen by general election voters on a joint ticket.[129] If the offices of governor and the lieutenant governor become vacant at the same time, the amended law provisions of the state constitution are that the secretary of state, attorney general, state treasurer or the superintendent of public instruction will assume the office of governor and then appoint the lieutenant governor pending state legislative approval.[130]
No.[lower-alpha 34] | Governor | Term in office | Party | Election | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | George W. P. Hunt (1859–1934) [132][133] |
February 14, 1912[134] – January 1, 1917 (lost election)[lower-alpha 35] |
Democratic[135] | 1911 | ||
1914 | ||||||
2 | Thomas Edward Campbell (1878–1944) [136] |
January 1, 1917[137] – December 25, 1917 (removed from office) |
Republican[135] | 1916[lower-alpha 35] | ||
1 | George W. P. Hunt (1859–1934) [132][133] |
December 25, 1917[141] – January 6, 1919 (did not run) |
Democratic[135] | |||
2 | Thomas Edward Campbell (1878–1944) [136] |
January 6, 1919[142] – January 1, 1923 (lost election) |
Republican[135] | 1918 | ||
1920 | ||||||
1 | George W. P. Hunt (1859–1934) [132][133] |
January 1, 1923[143] – January 7, 1929 (lost election) |
Democratic[135] | 1922 | ||
1924 | ||||||
1926 | ||||||
3 | John Calhoun Phillips (1870–1943) [144][145] |
January 7, 1929[146] – January 5, 1931 (lost election) |
Republican[135] | 1928 | ||
1 | George W. P. Hunt (1859–1934) [132][133] |
January 5, 1931[147] – January 2, 1933 (lost nomination)[148] |
Democratic[135] | 1930 | ||
4 | Benjamin Baker Moeur (1869–1937) [149][150] |
January 2, 1933[151] – January 4, 1937 (lost nomination)[149] |
Democratic[135] | 1932 | ||
1934 | ||||||
5 | Rawghlie Clement Stanford (1879–1963) [152][153] |
January 4, 1937[154] – January 2, 1939 (did not run) |
Democratic[135] | 1936 | ||
6 | Robert Taylor Jones (1884–1958) [155][156] |
January 2, 1939[157] – January 6, 1941 (lost nomination)[158] |
Democratic[135] | 1938 | ||
7 | Sidney Preston Osborn (1884–1948) [159][160] |
January 6, 1941[161] – May 25, 1948 (died in office) |
Democratic[135] | 1940 | ||
1942 | ||||||
1944 | ||||||
1946 | ||||||
8 | Dan Edward Garvey (1886–1974) [162][163] |
May 25, 1948[164] – January 1, 1951 (lost nomination)[lower-alpha 36] |
Democratic[135] | Succeeded from secretary of state | ||
1948 | ||||||
9 | John Howard Pyle (1906–1987) [166][167] |
January 1, 1951[168] – January 3, 1955 (lost election) |
Republican[135] | 1950 | ||
1952 | ||||||
10 | Ernest McFarland (1894–1984) [169][170] |
January 3, 1955[171] – January 5, 1959 (did not run) |
Democratic[135] | 1954 | ||
1956 | ||||||
11 | Paul Fannin (1907–2002) [172][173] |
January 5, 1959[174] – January 4, 1965 (did not run) |
Republican[135] | 1958 | ||
1960 | ||||||
1962 | ||||||
12 | Samuel Pearson Goddard Jr. (1919–2006) [175][176] |
January 4, 1965[177] – January 2, 1967 (lost election) |
Democratic[135] | 1964 | ||
13 | Jack Williams (1909–1998) [178][179] |
January 2, 1967[180] – January 6, 1975 (did not run)[lower-alpha 37] |
Republican[135] | 1966 | ||
1968 | ||||||
1970[lower-alpha 38] | ||||||
14 | Raúl Héctor Castro (1916–2015) [182][183] |
January 6, 1975[184] – October 20, 1977 (resigned)[lower-alpha 39] |
Democratic[135] | 1974 | ||
15 | Wesley Bolin (1909–1978) [185][186] |
October 20, 1977[187] – March 4, 1978 (died in office) |
Democratic[186] | Succeeded from secretary of state | ||
16 | Bruce Babbitt (b. 1938) [188] |
March 4, 1978[189] – January 5, 1987 (did not run) |
Democratic[188] | Succeeded from attorney general[lower-alpha 40] | ||
1978 | ||||||
1982 | ||||||
17 | Evan Mecham (1924–2008) [190] |
January 5, 1987[191] – April 4, 1988 (impeached and removed)[lower-alpha 41] |
Republican[190] | 1986 | ||
18 | Rose Mofford (1922–2016) [193] |
April 4, 1988[194] – March 6, 1991 (did not run) |
Democratic[193] | Succeeded from secretary of state | ||
19 | Fife Symington (b. 1945) [195] |
March 6, 1991[196] – September 5, 1997 (resigned)[lower-alpha 42] |
Republican[195] | 1990–1991[lower-alpha 43] | ||
1994 | ||||||
20 | Jane Dee Hull (1935–2020) [199] |
September 5, 1997[200] – January 6, 2003 (term-limited)[lower-alpha 44] |
Republican[199] | Succeeded from secretary of state | ||
1998 | ||||||
21 | Janet Napolitano (b. 1957) [202] |
January 6, 2003[203] – January 20, 2009 (resigned)[lower-alpha 45] |
Democratic[202] | 2002 | ||
2006 | ||||||
22 | Jan Brewer (b. 1944) [204] |
January 20, 2009[205] – January 5, 2015 (did not run)[lower-alpha 46] |
Republican[204] | Succeeded from secretary of state | ||
2010 | ||||||
23 | Doug Ducey (b. 1964) [207] |
January 5, 2015[208] – January 2, 2023 (term-limited)[lower-alpha 44] |
Republican[207] | 2014 | ||
2018 | ||||||
24 | Katie Hobbs (b. 1969) [209] |
January 2, 2023[210] – Incumbent[lower-alpha 47] |
Democratic[209] | 2022 |
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