Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa

The Archdiocese of Pisa (Latin: Archidioecesis Pisana) is a Latin Church metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa, Italy.^[1][2] It was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 April 1092 by Pope Urban II. The seat of the bishop is the cathedral of the Assumption in the Piazza del Duomo.

Archdiocese of Pisa Archidioecesis Pisana
Pisa Cathedral
Location
Country	Italy
Ecclesiastical province	Pisa
Statistics
Area	847 km2 (327 sq mi)
Population - Total - Catholics	(as of 2016) 334,345 313,497 (93.8%)
Parishes	166
Information
Established	4th century
Cathedral	Pisa Cathedral (Cattedrale di S. Maria Assunta)
Secular priests	146 (diocesan) 44 (Religious Orders) 24 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
Pope	Francis
Archbishop	Giovanni Paolo Benotto
Map
Website
www.diocesidipisa.it

The archbishop of Pisa presides over the Ecclesiastical Province of Pisa, which includes the dioceses of Livorno, Massa Carrara-Pontremoli, Pescia, and Volterra.

Since 2008 the archbishop of Pisa has been Giovanni Paolo Benotto.

History

In a letter of 1 September 1077, Pope Gregory VII wrote to the bishops, clergy, civil leaders, and people of Corsica, acknowledging his responsibility for oversight of their well-being as part of the lands of S. Peter, but admitting that he was unable to do so personally and effectively. He had therefore appointed Bishop-elect Landulfus of Pisa to be his legate in Corsica.^[3] On 30 November 1078, Pope Gregory confirmed all the privileges that belonged to the Church of Pisa, as well as the legateship of Corsica. He granted the bishop half of all the papal income from the island, as well as all of the judicial income (de placitis).^[4] On 28 June 1091, Pope Urban II, at the request of Countess Matilda of Tuscany,^[5] Bishop Dagobert, and the nobility of Pisa, returned the legateship of the island of Corsica to Bishop Dagobert, on the condition of an annual payment of 50 pounds (Luccan) to the papal treasury.^[6]

On 21 April 1092, Pope Urban issued the bull "Cum Universis", in which he created the metropolitanate of Pisa, promoting the bishop to the rank of archbishop, and assigning the bishoprics of Corsica as his suffragans. This he did at the request of Countess Matilda of Tuscany and in consideration of the considerable merits of Bishop Dagibert in remaining faithful to the Roman church in the face of the schism against Pope Gregory VII.^[7] Pope Gelasius II, who was staying in Pisa from 2 September to 2 October 1118, confirmed the arrangements in a bull of 26 September 1118. After the death of Pope Gelasius at Cluny on 29 January 1119, Archbishop Petrus and Cardinal Petrus della Gherardesca dei Conti di Donoratico, a native of Pisa and papal legate, crossed to Corsica to receive to obtain the oaths of fealty of the bishops of Corsica.^[8]

Pope Gelasius' bull was an unpleasant shock for Genoa, who coveted the island of Corsica, and a war broke out in 1119 between the two naval powers. The Genoese sent out a fleet of 28 galleys, but in a battle at Porto Venere the Pisans were victorious, as they were at a second battle at the mouth of the Arno River. The war lasted a total of fourteen years.^[9] On 16 May 1120, the new pope, Callixtus II, who had been elected at Cluny in France and had just returned to Italy, issued a bull confirming the privileges of Urban II and Gelasius II.^[10]

But on 3 January 1121, Pope Callixtus wrote to the bishops of Corsica that the privilege of consecrating bishops for Corsica, which had been granted to the archbishops of Pisa, was withdrawn, and that in the future only the pope would have the right to consecrate bishops for Corsica and to receive their oaths of submission.^[11] The Genoese were not mollified by his action. They resorted to bribery to obtain what they had not obtained by military force. A document, written in Rome and dated 16 June 1121, reveals that negotiations had been taking place, with the agreement and authorization of Pope Callixtus, between the Genoese agents, Caffaro and Barisone, and a committee of three cardinals and a bishop on the question of Corsica. The Genoese had agreed to give money to the Pope and other members of the Curia by 10 November. The Pope was to receive 1,600 silver marks; cardinals and bishops 300 marks; priests and clerics 50 ounces of gold; Cardinal Peter of Porto 303 ounces of gold; Petrus Leonis 100 silver marks, and his sons 55 marks; Leo Frangipane 40 marks; and additional payments to other nobles.^[12]

The opportune moment to satisfy the Genoans came when Callixtus II convened the First Lateran Council on 27 March 1123, to ratify the Concordat of Worms and end the schism instigated by the Emperor Henry V. The Pope appointed a committee, consisting of 24 bishops and other prelates, led by Archbishop Gualterius of Ravenna (a personal enemy of the Archbishop of Pisa), to examine and render a judgment on the claims of the Church of Pisa over Corsica. On 6 April, the last day of the council, the claims of Pisa were rejected by the Fathers, after the damning report of Archbishop Gualterius.^[13]

The loss was temporary, however, for, on 21 July 1126, the new pope, Honorius II, restored the privilege, and granted the archbishops the right of holding synods not only in Pisa, but also in Corsica.^[14] He took the trouble to rebuke Callixtus II and his committee, stating that the Pisans had been despoiled sine praecedente ipsorum Pisanorum culpa et absque iudicio ('without any preceding crime on the part of the Pisans and without a judicial hearing').^[15]

In 1127, Archbishop Ruggero, who had leagued himself with Arezzo and Florence, made war against Siena. He was taken prisoner, and spent more than a year in captivity.^[16]

On March 1133, Pope Innocent elevated Genoa to the status of an archbishopric, and assigned it metropolitan status over Mariana, Nebbio, and Accia (on Corsica); Bobbio, and Brugnato (newly created), to which was added the diocese of Albenga, formerly in the Metropolitanate of Milan.^[17] The Pope also enfeoffed Genoa with the northern half of the island. The archdiocese of Pisa therefore lost ecclesiastical control of the northern half of the island of Corsica, retaining the dioceses of Ajaccio, Aleria, and Salona. Pisa was compensated, to a small degree, by being named Metropolitan of Populonia (Massa Maritima).^[18] These grants, which had been made to Archbishop Hubertus, were confirmed in the bull "Tunc Apostolicae" on 22 April 1138, and in addition Innocent II granted Pisa the honorary primacy of the province of Turritana. He also confirmed the legateship over Sardinia which had been granted by Urban II, and the right to consecrate the six bishops in his ecclesiastical province.^[19]

From the late 12th to the early 13th century, the Pisan archdiocese was the feudal suzerain of the four giudicati of Sardinia. On 6 March 1131, Gonnario of Torres swore fealty to Archbishop Ruggero of Pisa.^[20]

On 22 April 1459, Pope Pius II issued the bull "Triumphans Pastor", in which he raised the diocese of Siena to metropolitan status, and assigned to it as suffragans the dioceses of Soano, Chiusi, Massa Marittima (Populonia), and Grosseto. Massa was taken from the metropolitanate of Pisa.^[21]

Council of Pisa of Innocent II

Main article: Council of Pisa (1135)

From 30 May 1135 to 6 June 1135, Innocent II held a council in Pisa, having been driven from Rome a second time by the supporters of Pope Anacletus II. In Pisa, with the encouragement of Bernard of Clairvaux, who was travelling with him and supporting his cause, he summoned a council of bishops. The number of attendees is not known, but it is said that bishops from Spain, Gascony, England, France, Burgundy, Germany, Hungary, Lombardy, and Tuscany attended. Innocent II excommunicated his rival, Anacletus II, and all his followers. In the council, it was ordered that all clergy who had married should separate from their wives. It ordered all simoniacs to leave their offices. It ordered that no one should be an archdeacon or a dean who was not ordained a deacon or priest. Such honors should not be granted to adolescents. It granted the right of asylum to churches and cemeteries.^[22]

Schism

At the instigation of the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, a double election took place in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome on 7 September 1159, a considerable majority of cardinals supporting Pope Alexander III (Orlando Bandinelli), and a small minority supporting Ottaviano of Monticelli, who took the name Victor IV. The archbishop of Pisa, Villano Villani, supported Pope Alexander. In 1164, after the death of Victor, Barbarossa promoted Cardinal Guido of Crema as Paschal III. In 1167 Barbarossa began a fourth war in Italy, and he and his pope Paschal ordered the leaders of Pisa to elect an archbishop to replace the loyal Villano,^[23] who had already been sent into exile in 1163 and 1164, and was again in flight from imperial agents. On 8 April 1167, the leaders of Pisa, who were loyal to the Emperor, chose a Canon of the cathedral, Benencasa, and he and the Pisans travelled to Viterbo, where the antipope ordained him a priest on Holy Saturday and consecrated him a bishop on Easter Monday. They returned to Pisa on 23 May 1167.^[24]

General Council of Pisa

Main article: Council of Pisa

In the spring of 1408, Pisa became directly involved in the struggles of the Western Schism, which had been tormenting Christendom for thirty years. Gregory XII, who had been driven from Rome on 9 August 1407, was staying in Lucca, where, in May 1408, he created several new cardinals. He did this in violation of two solemn oaths he had taken, and without consulting the cardinals. When they objected and refused to attend the installation ceremonies, Gregory ordered them arrested. One by one the cardinals fled from Lucca, and sought refuge in Pisa.^[25] On 29 June 1408, thirteen cardinals (who held the proxies of two more cardinals) met at Livorno, in the diocese of Pisa, and issued a statement calling for a general council of the Church to address and end the schism. Their document was later subscribed by four additional cardinals. The Council of Pisa held its first session in the cathedral in Pisa on 25 March 1409.^[26] Archbishop Alamanno Adimari (1406–1411) was present.^[27] Both Gregory and Benedict XIII were deposed and excommunicated on 5 June 1409, having failed to answer repeated summonses from the council to answer the charges against them.^[28]

Papal conclave

Due to the deposition of both popes, a new pope was required. In examining the possibility of intervention or participation in the selection, the Council decided to leave the cardinals to their canonical duty in order to avoid any possible complaint. The cardinals in Pisa decided to wait the canonical ten days after the decease of a pope to begin their conclave, even though no pope had died. Twenty-three cardinals entered conclave, which was held in the archbishop's palace in the cathedral close, on 15 June 1411; they were joined by a twenty-fourth on 16 June. On 26 June, they elected unanimously the Cardinal of Milan, Pietro Filargi, OFM, who took the name Alexander V. He was crowned on 7 July 1411, on a platform erected in the square before the cathedral of Pisa.^[29]

Conciliabulum of Pisa

In 1511, at the instigation of King Louis XII of France, a meeting was held in Pisa, summoned by four cardinals led by Bernardino Carvajal, which called itself a general council. Others called it the conciliabulum Pisanum.^[30] Only two archbishops, fourteen bishops, and a number of French abbots attended. The "little council" held its first session on 5 November 1511. It attempted to take measures to depose Pope Julius II. The people of Pisa attempted to close the doors of the cathedral against the meeting, and their hostility, after three sessions, drove the bishops to adjourn their sessions to Milan, where they met on 13 December.^[31]

Chapter and cathedral

The cathedral of Pisa, begun in 1063 and consecrated by Pope Gelasius II in 1118,^[32] was dedicated originally to the Virgin as S. Maria (Maggiore), and then more specifically to the taking of the body of the Virgin Mary up into heaven (Assumption).

The cathedral was staffed and administered by a corporate body called the Chapter (Capitulum), which was originally composed of five dignities and (at one point) twenty-eight Canons. The dignities were: the Archpriest, the Archdeacon, the Dean, the Primicerius, and the Vicedominus.^[33] In 1702, there were only three dignities and twenty-five Canons.^[34]

Diocesan synods

Archbishop Matteo Rinuccini (1577–1582) presided over a diocesan synod in 1582.^[35] Archbishop Francesco Bonciani, (1613–1620) held a diocesan synod in Pisa in 1615 (1616, Pisan style).^[36]

Synods were also held by: Archbishop Giuliano de' Medici (1620–1635) in 1624 [1625, Pisan]; Archbishop Scipione Pannocchieschi (1636–1663) on 20–21 June 1639 and again in 1649 [1650, Pisan], and another in 1659; and Archbishop Francesco Pannocchieschi (1663–1702) on 11–12 May 1666, and again in 1677 [1678, Pisan].^[37]

Archbishop Francesco Frosini (1702–1733) held three diocesan synods: on 6–8 July 1707 [1708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan]; and on 31 July 1725 [1726, Pisan].^[38]

A special assembly (conventus) was held in Pisa from 5–12 May 1850, summoned by Archbishop Giovanni Battista Parretti (1839–1851), and including his suffragan bishops (Pontremoli, Massa Maritima, Livorno), and, at his invitation, the archbishop of Lucca, the bishop of Pescia, and the vicar capitular of Volterra (which were immediately subject to the pope). Delegates of the various cathedral chapters were also invited. The meeting was occasioned by the revolution in Rome, which had deposed Pope Pius IX from his position as head of the Papal States and seen him flee from the city in disguise to a refuge in Neapolitan territory. The meeting was, in fact, sanctioned by Pope Pius.^[39]

New dioceses and suffragans

In a bull of 17 March 1726, Pescia was established as a diocese by Pope Benedict XIII, and was for a long time immediately subject to the Holy See (Papacy).^[40] On 1 August 1856, Pope Pius IX, in the bull "Ubi Primum", made Pescia a suffragan of (subordinate to) the archbishop of Pisa.

The diocese of Livorno was created by Pope Pius VII in the bull "Militantis Ecclesiae" of 25 September 1806, at the urging of Queen Maria Luisa, Regent of Tuscany.^[41] The erection was opposed both by the Archdiocese of Pisa and the Canons of San Miniato, who would lose territory, power, and income from the change.^[42] The new diocese was made a suffragan of the archbishop of Pisa.^[43]

Bishops and archbishops

to 1200

• Gaudentius (attested 313, 323)^[44]

...

Senior (or Senator) ? (410 ?)^[45]

...

• Joannes (attested 493)^[46]

...

• A bishop, name unknown, who took part in the schism of the Three Chapters (556)^[47]

...

[Alexius (648)]^[48]

...

• Opportunus (attested 649)^[49]
• Maurianus (attested 680)^[50]

...

• Maximus ? (attested 715 ?)^[51]

...

• Andreas (attested 754–768)^[52]
• Domnucianus ? (774)^[53]

...

• Raichnardus (attested 796–813)^[54]

...

• Joannes (attested 826–858)^[55]
• Plato (attested 865–876)^[56]
• Joannes (attested 877–902)^[57]
• Theodericus (attested 909–910)^[58]

...

• Wolfgherius (attested 927)^[59]

...

• Zenobius (attested 934–954)^[60]
• Grimaldus (attested 958–965)^[61]
• Albericus (attested 968–985)^[62]
• Raimbertus (attested 987–996)^[63]

...

• Wido (Guido) (attested 1005–1014)^[64]
• Azzo (1015–1031)^[65]
• Oppizo or Opizio (1039–1059)^[66]
• Guido (attested 1061–1076)^[67]
• Landulfus (attested 1077–1079)^[68]
• Gerardus (1080–1085)^[69]

Sede vacante (1085–1088)^[70]

Archbishops of Pisa (from 28 June 1091)

• Dagobert (1088–1105)^[71]
• Pietro Moriconi (1105–1119)^[72]
• Atto (Azzo) (1119–1121)^[73]
• Rogerio Ghisalbertini (1123–1131)^[74]
• Uberto Rossi Lanfranchi (1133–1137)^[75]
• Balduino da Pisa (1138–1145)^[76]
• Villano Villani (Gaetani) (1146–1175)^[77]
• Ubaldo Lanfranchi (1176–1207)^[78]

1200 to 1500

• Lotharius Rosari (1208–1216)^[79]
• Vitalis (1218? – 1252?)^[80]
• Federico Visconti (1254–1277)^[81]
• Ruggieri degli Ubaldini (1278–1295)
• Teodorico Ranieri (1295–1299) archbishop-elect^[82]
• Giovanni di Polo (1299–1312)^[83]
• Oddone della Sala (1312–1323))^[84]
• Simon Saltorelli, O.P. (1323–1342)^[85]
• Dino di Radicofani (1342–1348)^[86]
• Giovanni Scarlatti (1348–1362)^[87]
• Francesco Pucci (1362–1378)^[88]
• Barnaba Malaspina (1380)^[89]
• Lotto Gambacorta (1380–1394)^[90]
• Joannes Gabrieli (1394–1400)^[91]
• Ludovico Bonito (1400–1406)
• Alamanno Adimari (1406–1411)^[92]
• Pietro Ricci (1411–1417)^[93]
• Giuliano Ricci (1418–1461)
• Filippo de' Medici (1461–1474)^[94]
• Francesco Salviati (1475–1478)^[95]
• Rafaele Riario (1479–1499) Administrator
• Cesare Riario (1499–1518) Administrator

1500 to 1800

Cardinal Rafaele Riario (1518) Administrator^[96]

• Onofrio de' Bartolini (1518–1555)
• Giovanni Ricci^[97]
• Cardinal Scipione Rebiba (1556–1560)^[98]

Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici (1560–1562) Administrator^[99]

• Angelo Nicolini (1564–1567)^[100]
• Cardinal Giovanni Ricci (3 Sep 1567 – 3 May 1574)^[101]
• Pietro Giacomo Borbone (1574–1575)^[102]
• Ludovico Antinori (2 Dec 1575 – 13 Feb 1576)^[103]
• Bartolomeo Giugni (20 Feb 1576 – 26 June 1577)^[104]
• Matteo Rinuccini (14 Aug 1577 – 8 June 1582)^[105]
• Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo (1582–1607),^[106]
• Sallustio Tarugi (1607–1613)^[107]
• Francesco Bonciani, (1613–1619)^[108]
• Giuliano de' Medici (1620–1635)^[109]
• Scipione Pannocchieschi (1636–1663)^[107]
• Francesco Pannocchieschi (1663–1702)^[107]
• Francesco Frosini (1702–1733)^[110]
• Francesco Guidi (1734–1778)^[111]
• Angelo Franceschi (1778–1806)^[112]

since 1800

• Rainieri Alliata (1806–1836 Died)^[113]
• Giovanni Battista Parretti (1839–1851 Died)^[114]
• Cardinal Cosimo Corsi (1853–1870)^[115]
• Paolo Micallef (1871–1883)
• Ferdinando Capponi (1883–1903)
• Pietro Maffi (1903–1931)
• Gabriele Vettori (1932–1947)
• Ugo Camozzo (1948–1970)
• Benvenuto Matteucci (1971–1986)
• Alessandro Plotti (1986–2008)
• Giovanni Paolo Benotto (6 April 2008 – )^[116]

See also

• Timeline of Pisa
• List of Catholic dioceses in Italy

Notes

1. "Archdiocese of Pisa" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved November 19, 2017.^{[self-published source]}
2. "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Pisa" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved November 19, 2017.^{[self-published source]}
3. J.P. Migne, Patrologiae Latinae Tomus CXLVIII (Paris 1848), p. 487, no. 2. Kehr, p. 319, nos. 2–3. Xavier Poli (1907). La Corse dans l'antiquité et dans le haut moyen age (in French). Paris: A. Fontemoing. p. 178.
4. Kehr III, pp. 319–320, nos. 2–5.
5. The countess died on 24 July 1115, and her patronage of the Church of Pisa lapsed.
6. Poli, p. 181. Kehr III, p. 320, no. 7.
7. "Corsicanae insulae Episcopatus regendos, ac disponendos Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, cui auctore Deo, carissime Frater Daiberte, praesides praesentis decreti auctoritate committimus, atque subjicimus, teque Frater venerabilis in Archiepiscopum eiusdem insulae promovemus." Poli, p. 181. Cappelletti, pp. 75–79. Kehr, p. 321, no. 9.
8. Kehr III, pp. 321–322, no. 12; X, pp. 472–473.
9. Heywood, A History of Pisa, pp. 71–74.
10. Kehr III, p. 322, no. 13.
11. Cappelletti XIII, pl. 310-311; XVI, p. 90. Kehr III, p. 322, no. 15.
12. Caffaro (1890). Luigi T. Belgrano (ed.). Annali genovesi di Caffaro e de' suoi continuatori: dal MXCIX al MCCXCIII (in Latin). Roma: Tip. del R. Instituto Storico Italiano, Sordo-Muti. pp. 20–21. Heywood, A History of Pisa, pp. 74–75.
13. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXI (Venice: A. Zatta 1776), p. 279. Pierre Paul Raoul Colonna de Cesari-Rocca (1901). Recherches sur la Corse au Moyen-âge: origine de la rivalité des Pisans et des Génois en Corse, 1014–1174. Genoa: Tipografia R. istituto Sordomuti. pp. 80–81. Heywood, pp. 75–76.
14. Kehr III, p. 323-324, no. 22.
15. Paolo Tronci (1682). Memorie istoriche della citta di Pisa (in Latin and Italian). Livorno: G. V. Bonfigli. pp. 62–65. Heywood, A History of Pisa, p. 78.
16. Heywood, A History of Pisa, p. 77.
17. Cappelletti XVI, pp. 22–23.
18. Kehr III, p. 324, no. 23; VI, part 2, p. 266. Heywood, pp. 79–80.
19. Kehr III, p. 325, no. 26.
20. The four giudicati were: Arborea, Cagliari, Gallura, and Torres. Mauro G. Sanna (2013), Onorio III e la Sardegna, ed. critica e commento delle fonti storiche a cura di M.G. Sanna,(in Italian) Cagliari: Centro di studi filologici sardi, pp. xx–xxiv; 198–199.
21. Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum (in Latin). Vol. Tomus V. Turin: Seb. Franco, H. Fori et H. Dalmazzo. 1860. pp. 150–152 §3. Kehr III, p. 317.
22. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXI (Venice: A. Zatta 1776), pp. 485–492. Philippus Jaffé (ed. S. Lowenfeld), pp. 865–866.
23. Ughelli III, pp. 401–404.
24. Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, Vol. XIX: Annales Aevi Suevici, p. 256 (Annales Pisani). Heywood, pp. 165, 169, 188. Kehr III, p. 327, no. 39.
25. Carl Joseph Hefele, Histoire des Conciles (ed. H. Leclercq) Tome VI, deuxième partie (Paris: Letouzey 1915), pp. 1339–1343.
26. Carl Joseph Hefele, Histoire des Conciles (ed. H. Leclercq) Tome VII, première partie (Paris: Letouzey 1916), pp. 1–11.
27. Lenfant I, p. 352.
28. Hefele VII.1, pp. 43–48.
29. Jacques Lenfant (1724). Histoire du concile de Pise (in French). Vol. Tome second. Amsterdam: Pierre Humbert. pp. 1–12. J. P. Adams, California State University Northridge, Sede vacante 1409; retrieved: 16 March 2020.
30. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXXV (Paris: Hubert Welter 1902), pp. 155–172.
31. Ferdinand Gregorovius, History of Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. V, part 1 (London: Bell 1902), pp. 87–90. Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes, from the close of the Middle Ages Vol. VI, second edition (St. Louis: B. Herder 1902), pp. 359–365; 374–376; 388–394.
32. The date was 26 September 1118. Ughelli III, p. 337. Tronci, pp. 58–59. Kehr III, p. 335, no. 21.
33. Ughelli III, p. 347. Cappelletti XVI, p. 221.
34. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 315, note 1.
35. Mansi (ed. L. Petit & J. B. Martin), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXXVI^bis (Paris: Hubert Welter 1913), p. 1001.
36. Synodus dioecesana Pisana, quam Franciscus Boncianus archiepiscopus Pisanus, insularum Corsicæ, & Sardiniæ primas, &in eis legatus natus habuit anno a Christi incarnatione 1616. (in Latin) Pisa: Ioannes Fontanus 1616.
37. Mansi (ed. L. Petit & J. B. Martin), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXXVI^ter (Arnhem-Leipzig: Hubert Welter 1924), p. 51, 109, 229, 363, 397.
38. Mansi-Petit-Martin, Tomus XXXVI^ter, p. 52; Tomus XXVIII, p. 647. Tertia synodus dioecesana ab illustriss. ac reverendiss. domino d. Francisco Frosoni, Pistoriense, s. R. i. comite, archiepiscopo Pisano, insularum Corsicae ac Sardiniae primate et in eis legato nato, habita in ecclesia primatiali Pisana, diebus XXXI. mensis julii et I. augusti, anno salutis M. DCC.XXVI. Pisis, M. DCC. XXVIII., ex typographia Francisci Bindi.
39. Mansi-Petit-Martin, Tomus XLIII, pp. 845–882.
40. Cappelletti XVIII, p. 358. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 315, note 1; VI, p. 339, note 1. A. Labardi, La comunità ecclesiastica pesciatina nel corso dei secoli. Percorsi storici di una Chiesa locale, in: A. Spicciani (ed.), Pescia. La storia, l'arte e il costume, Pisa 2001, p. 87.
41. Cappelletti XVI, pp. 259–267.
42. Cappelletti, p. 267.
43. Bullarii Romani continuatio (in Latin). Vol. Tomus decimus tertius (13). Roma: ex typographia Reverendae Camerae Apostolicae. 1847. p. 66 § 6.
44. Bishop Gaudentius was present at the synod of Rome of Pope Miltiades, held in the house of Fausta at the Lateran, on 5 October 313. He may also be the Bishop Gaudentius who was present at the council in Rome of Pope Sylvester I J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus II (Florence: A. Zatta 1759), pp. 437, 619. Cappelletti XVI, p. 37. Lanzoni, p. 585.
45. Senior, or Senator, is said by his biographer Probus to have consecrated Saint Patrick. it is a conjecture of the Bollandists that this Senior was a bishop of Pisa, whence he is taken up by Gams, p. 761, column 1. Lanzoni, p. 585, rejects the conjecture: "Ma io non oso seguirli, perchè quell'ipotesi dei Bollandisti mal si regge."
46. Bishop Joannes received a letter from Pope Gelasius I, ordering him to recover a chalice which had been taken by his predecessor. Kehr III, p. 319, no. 1. Lanzoni, p. 585, no. 3.
47. J. P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae Tomus LXIX (Paris 1848), p. 397. Cappelletti XVI, p. 38.
48. Ughelli III, p. 351, calls him "Alexander". "Archbishop Alexius" is known only from the "Legend of S. Peregrinus", a confection of the 14th or 15th century. Lanzoni, p. 585-586: "Ma da fonte così tarda e fantastica non è dato raccogliere dati sicuri."
49. Bishop Opportunus was present at the Roman synod of Pope Martin I on 5 October 649. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus X (Florence: A. Zatta 1764), p. 867.
50. Bishop Maurianus was present at the synod of Pope Agatho in 680, and subscribed to the synodical letter sent by Pope Agatho to the Second Council of Constantinople. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XI (Florence: A. Zatta 1765), pp. 185–188; 307.
51. A document indicates that a group of Tuscan bishops met at the village of Vico Walari in the diocese of Siena, apparently in 715, among whom was Maximus of Pisa. Ughelli, p. 351. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XII (Florence: A. Zatta 1766), p. 253. The authenticity of the document, however, has been questioned: Ughelli I, p. 416. Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Antiquitates Italicae Medii Aevi Tomus VI (Milan: Societas Palatina 1742), pp. 367–386. Matthaeius (Mattei) (1768), pp. 121–122.
52. Bishop Andrea's latest document is dated 1 August 768. S. Sodi; M. L. Ceccarelli Lemut (1996), "Per una riconsiderazione dell'evangelizzazione Tuscia: la Chiesa pisana dalle origini all'età carolingia," Rivista di Storia della Chiesa 50 (1996), pp. 9–56, at 34–39. (in Italian)
53. The bishop was taken prisoner by Charlemagne at the siege of Pavia (774). Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), p. 3.
54. Raichnardus is first attested presiding over a grant to the Church of Pisa, on 5 June 796; he is bishop-elect in the document. In July 803, he was present at judicial proceedings, still as bishop-elect. He is mentioned in a legal document of April 813. Ceccarelli Lemut, M.; Sodi, S. (2004), p. 3-4.
55. Bishop Joannes was present on 24 November 826 at the Roman synod of Pope Eugenius II. He also took part in the Roman synods of 844 and 850. His latest documentary appearance is on 23 March 858. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIV (Venice: A. Zatta 1769), p. 1000. Picotti (1946), p. 69, nos. 3–7. Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), pp. 4–5.
56. Plato was the chancellor of the Emperor Louis II from May 1856 to March 858. He first appears as bishop in May 865. His latest document is of 30 April 876. Picotti (1946), pp. 69–70, nos. 9–12. Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), p. 5.
57. Joannes was dead before 28 August 909, when his successor is in place. Picotti (1946), p. 70, nos. 13–19. Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), p. 5.
58. Theodericus: Picotti (1946), p. 71, no. 22 (28 August 909). Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), p. 5.
59. Wolfgherius: Lodovico Antonio Muratori (1740). Antiquitates italicae medii aevi (in Latin). Vol. Tomus tertius (3). Milan: ex typographia Societatis palatinae. p. 1045. Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), p. 6.
60. Zenobius: Schwartz, p. 216.
61. Grimaldus: Ughelli III, pp. 352–354. Schwartz, p. 216.
62. Albericus: Ughelli III, p. 354. Schwartz, p. 216.
63. Raimbertus: Ughelli III, p. 354. Schwartz, p. 216.
64. Wido: Ughelli III, p. 354. Schwartz, p. 216.
65. Azzo: Cappelletti XVI, pp. 51–54 (dismissing the report of a "Bishop Lambertus", as reported by Ughelli, p. 354). Schwartz, p. 216.
66. Opizo was already bishop by 4 March 1039. He provided permission and funds for the founding of the Camaldolite convent of S. Michele by Abbot Bonus. Cappelletti, pp. 58–59. Schwartz, p. 217.
67. Bishop Guido is first attested on 15 August 1061. According to the Annales Pisani, Bishop Guido died on 8 April 1076. Cappelletti, p. 62. Schwartz, p. 217.
68. Landulf was a native of Milan, and a supporter of the papacy against the emperor. His earliest known reference as bishop is from 27 August 1077; his election, however, was canonically irregular. Pope Gregory VII calls him bishop-elect on 1 September 1077. In the bull "Supernae Miserationis" of 30 November 1078, Pope Gregory repaired the defects. Landulf died on 25 October 1079. Cappelletti XVI, pp. 62–68. Kehr III, pp. 319–320, nos. 2–5. Schwartz, p. 217.
69. Gerardus is first recorded in a document of 29 July 1080. According to the Annales Pisani, he died on 8 May 1085. Schwartz, p. 217. Skinner, Patricia (2009). "From Pisa to the Patriarchate: Some Chapters in the Life of (Arch)bishop Daibert of Pisa". In Skinner, Patrica (ed.). Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval History: The Legacy of Timothy Reuter. Brepols. p. 159. ISBN 978-2503523590.
70. Cappelletti, p. 86. Skinner, p. 159.
71. Dagobert was consecrated a bishop by Pope Urban II personally (Kehr III, p. 320, no. 6). Dagobert was the first archbishop. He was invested with the island of Corsica on 28 June 1191 by Pope Urban II, and named an archbishop (Kehr III, p. 321, no. 9). He accompanied Pope Urban to France in 1194. He joined the first Crusade, and was elected Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem on 15 July 1099; he was suspended by the papal Legate, Cardinal Robert, in 1104, and returned to Rome to vindicate himself. He died at Messana on 15 June 1105. Cappelletti, pp. 70–82 (who puts his death in 1107). Gams, p. 452, column 2. Schwartz, pp. 217–218. Skinner, p. 159.
72. Petrus had previously been Abbot of S. Michele (Camaldolese) in Pisa, as late as 14 December 1104. By 19 March 1106, he was already Archbishop of Pisa. In 1113, he acted as papal legate in recruiting personnel for the crusade. In 1116, he was in Rome, attending the Lateran Council of Pope Paschal II. He died on 10 September 1119. Cappelletti, pp. 85–91. Schwartz, p. 218.
73. Atto had been a Canon of the cathedral of Piacenza. Atto's earliest dated reference is on 30 January 1120. He was present at the consecration of the cathedral of Volterra by Pope Calixtus II on 20 May 1120, as was his successor Bishop Rogerius of Volterra. It is claimed that he was a cardinal, but his name does not appear in the record of Petrus Pisanus. The latest reference to him is on 29 August 1121. Tronci, Memorie, pp. 59–60. Ughelli I, p. 1437. Cappelletti, p. 91. Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa (Rome: Pagliarini 17920, Tomo I, parte 1, p. 271. Schwartz, p. 219.
74. Rogerius participated in the First Lateran Council of 18–28 March 1123. He died in 1131. Schwartz, p. 219. Maria Luisa Ceccarelli Lemut (2009), "Ruggero vescovo di Volterra e arcivescovo di Pisa all'inizio del XII secolo," in: Studi di storia offerti a Michele Luzzati Scalfati, (ed. Silio, Pietro Paolo; Veronese, Alessandra Maria) Pisa: Ospedaletto 2009, pp. 53–72.
75. Hubertus was a Canon of the cathedral of Pisa. He was appointed a cardinal by Pope Honorius II at some point between March 1125 and March 1126. He was with the Pope in Benevento in May 1128. At the end of 1129 he was sent on a legation to Spain. In the schism of 1130, he supported Innocent II against Anacletus II., and fled with him to Cluny, where he took part in the synod of Cluny in November. In spring 1132, he returned to Italy along with Pope Innocent. In January 1133, Innocent arrived in Pisa, where Hubertus was named archbishop. In May 1133, Hubertus was with Innocent in Rome. They were driven out of Rome again, and in September 1133 they were in Siena and then in Pisa. Hubertus participated in Innocent's synod of Pisa in May 1135, and then held his own synod in Sardinia. He was dead by 22 April 1138, when Archbishop Baldwin is found in office as Archbishop of Pisa. Klaus Ganzer, Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im Hohen Mittelalter (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1963), pp. 86–89.
76. Baldoino was a Cistercian. Archbishop Baldwin died on 25 May 1145. Tronci, pp. 72–79.
77. Archbishop Baldwin died on 25 May 1145. His seat was still vacant on 15 October. Villano, who had been named a cardinal by Pope Lucius III on 23 December 1144, was confirmed as archbishop by Pope Eugenius III on 29 May 1146. Bishop Villano was compelled to flee from the city on account of his support for Pope Alexander III (1167), returned in 1172. Matthaeius (Mattei) (1768), pp. 224–237. Maria Luisa Ceccarelli Lemut (2010), "Un presule tra política comunale e fedeltà pontificia. Villano, arcivescovo di Pisa (1146–1175)," (in Italian) Päpste, Privilegien, Provinzen: Beiträge zur Kirchen-, Rechts- und Landesgeschichte; Festschrift für Werner Maleczek zum 65. Geburtstag(ed. Gießauf, Johannes (Wien 2010), pp. 61–76.
78. Ubaldo led the Pisan fleet on crusade to the Holy Land (1188–1196). He died in Pisa on 19 June 1207. Matthaeius (Mattei) (1768), pp. 237–246. Ceccarelli Lemut & Sodi (2004), "I vescovi...," pp. 26–28.
79. Lotharius was a citizen of Cremona, and was Bishop of Vercelli (1205–1208). He was transferred to the archdiocese of Pisa by Pope Innocent III in 1208, by April. In 1216, Lotharius was appointed Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem; Jerusalem had been captured by the Saracens in 1187. Ughelli, pp. Eubel I, pp. 275, 399, 520.
80. Archbishop Vitalis was already consecrated, and had been granted the use of the pallium by 5 February 1218, as indicated by a letter of Pope Honorius III to the Chapter, clergy, and people of Pisa. He died after 10 November 1252. Ughelli III, pp. 424–425. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 399 with note 2; 400.
81. Fredericus was appointed by Pope Innocent IV on 6 August 1254. Bishop Federico held provincial synods in 1258, 1260, and 1262. He died on 1 October 1277. Eubel I, p. 400 with note 3.
82. Ranieri was born in Orvieto, the son of Joannes Raynerius. He was appointed archbishop of Pisa on 20 September 1295. On 4 December 1298, when he was named a cardinal by Pope Boniface VIII, Ranieri was still archbishop-elect of Pisa and papal chamberlain. His successor was appointed on 10 February 1299. On 13 June 1299, he was named Suburbicarian Bishop of Palestrina. He died on 7 December 1306. Matthaeius (Mattei) II (1772), pp. 50–52. Cappelletti XVI, p. 146. Eubel I, p. 12, no. 8,
83. Di Polo: Matthaeius (Mattei) II (1772), pp. 52–56.
84. Bishop Oddone had litigation with the republic, and later became Latin Patriarch of Alexandria.
85. Saltorelli was a Florentine, the sole son and heir of the rich nobleman Guido Saltorelli. To continue the family line, he was married (Ughelli says despondisset; Mattei says nupsit), but at the age of twenty, he became a Dominican at S. Maria Novella. He became Prior of the monastery, then Prior of the Roman Province of the Dominicans, and then Procurator of the Order at the papal court. Pope John XXII named him Bishop of Parma on 15 January 1317, and on 6 June 1323 appointed him Archbishop of Pisa. The Antipope Nicholas V (1328–1330) presumed to remove him from his post. He died on 24 September 1342, at the age of approximately eighty. Ughelli III, pp. 450–457. Matthaeius (Mattei) II (1772), pp. 67–82. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, pp. 392, 400 with note 5.
86. On the death of Bishop Simon, the authorities of Pisa petitioned Pope Clement VI to appoint Fra Marco Roncioni, O.P. as their archbishop. This was refused, and he was appointed Bishop of Urbino instead. Dino di Radicofani was appointed Archbishop of Pisa, during whose administration the University of Pisa was chartered. Matthaeius (Mattei) II (1772), pp. 82–87. Cappelletti XVI, p. 159. Eubel I, p. 400.
87. Scarlatti had been legate to Armenia and to the emperor at Constantinople
88. Pucci had been a Canon of Pisa. Eubel I, p. 400.
89. Barnaba had been Bishop of Penne e Adria. He was transferred to Pisa in March 1380, and died on 7 November 1380. Eubel I, p. 400.
90. Bishop Lotto was compelled to flee after the death of his brother Pietro, tyrant of Pisa (1392). He was transferred to the diocese of Treviso in 1394.
91. A native of Pontremolo, Joannes held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure and was a Canon of Corone (Greece). He had been Bishop of Massa Maritima from 1390 to 1394, and was papal Nuncio to Poland, Lithuania, Prussia, and Livonia in 1392. He was provided to the diocese of Pisa by Boniface IX on 9 September 1394. He died on 25 June 1400. Eubel I, pp. 329 with note 6; 400.
92. Adimari held the degree of Doctor of Canon Law, and was a papal notary. He had been archbishop of Florence (1400–1401), and then Archbishop of Taranto (1401–1406). He was transferred to Pisa on 3 November 1406 by Pope Innocent VII of the Roman Obedience. He took part in the Council of Pisa (1409). He served as papal nuncio in France from 9 June 1410 to 20 November 1412. He was appointed a cardinal by Pope John XXIII on 6 June 1411, which brought about his resignation from the archbishopric. Eubel I, pp. 32, no. 3, with note 9; 250, with note 9; 400; 473.
93. Pietro Ricci was a native of Florence, and had been named a Canon of the cathedral of Florence in 1384, and in 1388 he became parish priest of S. Andrea Empulensis. He was Vicar Capitular of Florence three times during episcopal vacancies, in 1389, 1395, and 1401. He had been Bishop of Arezzo (1403–1411), in which capacity he was present at the Council of Pisa in 1409 (Lenfant I, p. 355, no. 40). He was transferred to the diocese of Pisa by John XXIII on 9 October 1411. He died on 30 November 1417. Matthaeius (Mattei) II (1772), pp. 129–132. Eubel I, p. 400.
94. Medici, a protonotary apostolic, had been Bishop of Arezzo from 1457 to 1461. He was appointed Archbishop of Pisa on 14 January 1461. He died in October 1474. Eubel II, pp. 94, 216.
95. Salviati was hanged at Florence in connexion with the conspiracy of the Pazzi; succeeded by his nephew. Eubel II, p. 216.
96. Riario was Administrator of the diocese of Pisa for a total of one week, from 3 September to 10 September 1518. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 274.
97. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Biographical Dictionary – Consistory of November 20, 1551
98. On 16 March 1541, Rebiba, who was Archpriest of Chieti, was named titular bishop of Amyclae (near Sparta in Greece) so that he could serve as auxiliary bishop of Chieti (whose archbishop became Pope Paul IV). Rebiba was presented to the bishopric of Motula by the Emperor Charles V, and confirmed by Pope Paul IV on 12 October 1551. He served as Governor of Rome in 1555. He was named a cardinal on 20 December 1555, and on 13 April 1556 appointed Archbishop of Pisa. On 11 May 1556, he was named papal legate to the Emperor; and on 20 July 1558 he was appointed legate to Ferdinand, King of the Romans, and to the king of Poland. He governed the diocese of Pisa through his suffragan, Jacopo Lomellini, who was named bishop of Guardialfiera for that purpose; Rebiba resigned the diocese of Pisa in 1560, and on 19 June 1560 was appointed Bishop of Troja, a diocese immediately subject to the papacy, which he held for only 2½ months, to be succeeded by his nephew Prosper Rebiba. He died on 23 July 1577. Matthaeius (Mattei) II (1772), pp. 173–175. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 35 no. 5 with notes 3 and 4; 251 with note 3; 274 with notes 6 and 7.
99. Giovanni was the second son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. He was named a cardinal by Pope Pius IV on 31 January 1560. He was not in holy orders, only tonsured. He died at the age of 18, on 12 December 1562. Ughelli III, pp. 483–484. Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa Tomo V (Rome: Pagliarini 1793), pp. 2–4. Eubel III, p. 37.
100. Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Biographical Dictionary – Consistory of March 12, 1565
101. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 274 with note 10
102. Pietro: Eubel III, p. 274 with note 11.
103. Antinori had been Bishop of Pistoia. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 274 with note 12.
104. Giugni had been Provost of the cathedral of Florence. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 274 with note 13.
105. Rinucci had been a Canon of Florence. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 274 with note 14.
106. Dal Pozzo was a founder of the Collegio Puteano, and author of works on canon and on civil law. Gauchat, p. 280.
107. Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi. Vol. IV. Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. p. 280. (in Latin)
108. Bonciani was a native of Florence, and a Canon of the cathedral, rising to the dignity of Archdeacon of the cathedral. He was named Archbishop of Pisa on 6 November 1613, and in 1614 he began a pastoral Visitation of the institutions of his diocese. On 11–12 November 1614, he held a diocesan synod. In 1617 he was ambassador to the Court of France of Grand Duke Cosimo II of Florence. His Vicar General in Pisa was the antiquarian Paolo Tronci. Galileo's opponent. He died on 28 November 1619 [1620, in the Pisan reckoning], and left his large library to the Dominican convent of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Cappelletti XVI, pp. 207–208. Gauchat, p. 280.
109. Medici was appointed archbishop on 15 June 1620. He served on missions for Duke Cosimo II, to the Emperor Rudolf, to Matthias of Hungary, Sigismund of Poland, and Philip of Spain. He founded the seminary in 1627. He died on 6 January 1635 [1636, Pisan]. Cappelletti, pp. 208–213. Gauchat, p. 280.
110. Born in Pistoia in 1654, Frosini held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure from the University of Pisa (1675). He became a Canon of Pistoia in 1688, and was Vicar General and Vicar Capitular. He had previously been Bishop of Pistoia e Prato (1701–1702), and was named Archbishop of Pisa on 2 October 1702 by Pope Clement XI. He died on 20 November 1733. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 315 (Pisa) with note 2, and (under Pistoia e Prato) note 4.
111. Born in Volterra in 1694, Guidi held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure, and had been a Canon of the cathedral of Florence, and then Bishop of Arezzo (1733–1734). On 15 February 1734, he was transferred to the archdiocese of Pisa by Pope Clement XII. He died in Pisa in July 1778. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, pp. 98 with note 2; 339 with note 2.
112. Franceschi was born in Pisa in 1735, and held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure from the University of Pisa (1758). He was Dean of the Collegiate Church of Livorno, and then Canon and Vicar General of Pisa. He had previously been Bishop of Arezzo (1775–1778). He was transferred to the archdiocese of Pisa on 28 September 1778 by Pope Pius VI. He died on 13 March 1806. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, pp. 99 with note 5; 339 with note 3.
113. Born in Pisa in 1752, the son of Count Francesco Alliata and Countess Maria Galeotti, Rainieri studies at the Jesuit college in Bologna and then at the University of Pisa. He was Bishop of Volterra from 1791 to 1806. On 6 October 1806, he was transferred to the archdiocese of Pisa by Pope Pius VII. He died on 8 August 1836 (not 11 August). Luigi della Fanteria (1836). Elogio funebre di monsignor Ranieri Alliata arcivescovo di Pisa (in Italian). presso R. Prosperi. pp. 5–6, 25. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, p. 307.
114. Parretti: Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, pp. 194, 307. Giuseppe Raspini (1996). Giovanni Battista Parretti (1778–1851): vescovo di Fiesole (1827–1839), arcivescovo di Pisa (1839–1851) (in Italian). Firenze: F. & F. Parretti.
115. Corsi was born in Florence in 1798, the son of Marquis Corsi. He obtained the degree of Doctor in utroque iure from the Sapienza in Rome (1818) at the age of twenty. He entered the papal Curia as a relator, and then Referendary of the Congregation on Good Government, which administered the Papal States. In 1819, on the recommendation of Grand Duke Ferdinando III of Tuscany, he was named Auditor of the Roman Rota (judge) for Tuscany. He eventually, in 1835, became Dean of the Rota. He was named a cardinal by Pope Gregory XVI on 24 January 1842. On 20 January 1845, he was appointed Bishop of Jesi, and on 19 December 1853 he was named Archbishop of Pisa, on the nomination of Duke Leopoldo II. He died at the villa of Agnano on 7 October 1870. Relazione autentica dell'arresto del card. Cosimo Corsi arcivescovo di Pisa (in Italian). Genoa: Gio. Fassi-Como. 1860. Mauro Del Corso (1988), Un vescovo nella storia : Cosimo Corsi, cardinale di Pisa : la storia di un vescovo (in Italian) (Pisa : Pacini, 1988).
116. CV of archbishop: Arcidiocesi di Pisa, Biografia: Sua Eccellenza Reverendissima Mons. Giovanni Paolo Benotto; retrieved: 10 March 2020.

Books

• Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo. Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. p. 761–762.
• Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus I (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
• Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus II (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
• Eubel, Conradus; Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus III (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
• Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus IV (1592–1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi (in Latin). Vol. Tomus V (1667–1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi. Vol. Tomus VI (1730–1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1968). Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. VII (1800–1846). Monasterii: Libreria Regensburgiana.
• Remigius Ritzler; Pirminus Sefrin (1978). Hierarchia catholica Medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. VIII (1846–1903). Il Messaggero di S. Antonio.
• Pięta, Zenon (2002). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. IX (1903–1922). Padua: Messagero di San Antonio. ISBN 978-88-250-1000-8.

Studies

• Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1861). Le chiese d'Italia (in Italian). Vol. Tomo decimosesto (16). Venezia: G. Antonelli. pp. 1–230.
• Caturegli, N. (1950). "Le condizioni della chiesa di Pisa nella seconda metà del secolo XV," Bollettino Storico Pisano 19 (1950). (in Italian)
• Ceccarelli Lemut, Maria Luisa; Sodi, Stefano (2004). "I vescovi di Pisa dall'età carolingia all' inizio del XIII secolo." In: Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia Vol. 58, No. 1 (2004), pp. 3–28. (in Italian)
• Ceccarelli Lemut, Maria Luisa. (2011). "Le canoniche della diocesi di Pisa nell'età della riforma della Chiesa." In: Studi Waldo Dolfi, pp. 95–122. (in Italian)
• Ceccarelli Lemut, Maria Luisa. Sodi Stefano (2017). La chiesa di Pisa dalle origini alla fine del Duecento. Edizioni ETS. (in Italian)
• Ceccarelli Lemut M Luisa. Sodi Stefano (2018). I Canonici della Cattedrale Pisana. Genesi e Sviluppo Dell'Istituzione Canonicale Sino alla Fine del Duecento Pisa: Edizioni ETS. (in Italian)
• Heywood, William (1921). A History of Pisa, Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Cambridge: The University Press. p. 13.
• Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1908). Italia pontificia. vol. III. Berlin 1908. pp. 316–384. (in Latin)
• Lanzoni, Francesco (1927), Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604), Faenza 1927, pp. 584–586. (in Italian)
• Matthaeius (Mattei), Antonius (1768). Ecclesiae Pisanae historia (in Latin). Vol. Tomus I. Lucca: Venturini.
• Matthaeius (Mattei), Antonius (1772). Ecclesiae Pisanae historia (in Latin). Vol. Tomus II. Venturini.
• Picotti, Giovanni Battista (1946), "I vescovi pisani del secolo IX," Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati. Studi e testi (Biblioteca apostolica vaticana), 125 (in Italian). Vol. V. Citta del Vaticano. 1946. pp. 206–217.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Picotti, Giovanni Battista (1966), "Osservazione sulla datazione dei documenti privati pisani dell'alto medioevo, con uno studio sulla cronologia dei vescovi pisani del secolo IX," Bollettino Storico Pisano 33–35 (1964–1966), pp. 3–80. (in Italian)
• Schwartz, Gerhard (1913), Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern : mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951–1122, Leipzig-Berlin 1913, pp. . (in German)
• Ughelli, Ferdinando (1718). Italia sacra sive De Episcopis Italiae, et insularum adjacentium (in Latin). Vol. Tomus Tertius (III) (Secunda ed.). Venice: apud Sebastianum Coleti. pp. 341–493.
• Violante, Cinzio (1970). "Cronotassi dei vescovi e degli arcivescovi di Pisa dalle origini all'inizio del secolo XIII. Primo contributo ad una nuova "Italia Sacra". In: Miscellanea Gilles Gérard Meersseman. Padova, 1970. (in Italian)
• Violante, C. "Le concessioni ponteficie alla Chiesa di Pisa riguardanti la Corsica alla fine del secolo XI", Bullettino dell'Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo 75 (1963), pp. 43–56. (in Italian)
• Zucchelli, N. (1906). Appunti e documenti per la storia del Seminario arcivescovile di Pisa. Pisa 1906. (in Italian)
• Zucchelli, Niccola (1907). Cronotassi dei vescovi e arcivescovi di Pisa (in Italian). Pisa: Tipografia Arcivescovile Orsolini-Prosperi.

External links

• Archdiocese of Pisa website
• Benigni, Umberto (1911). "Pisa." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Retrieved: 21 March 2020.
• Catholic Hierarchy page

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