Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin

Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and tetanus antitoxin, is a medication made up of antibodies against the tetanus toxin.^[1] It is used to prevent tetanus in those who have a wound that is at high risk, have not been fully vaccinated with tetanus toxoid, or have HIV/AIDS.^[1][2] It is used to treat tetanus along with antibiotics and muscle relaxants.^[1] It is given by injection into a muscle.^[1] Part of the dose is injected at the site of the wound.^[2]

Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin

A vintage single-dose bottle of tetanus antitoxin manufactured by Sächsisches Serumwerk Dresden (now GlaxoSmithKline)
Clinical data
Trade names	HyperTET S/D, others
Other names	tetanus immune globulin, tetanus antitoxin
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Routes of administration	IM
Identifiers
CAS Number	1698057-17-8
ChemSpider	none

Common side effects include pain at the site of injection and fever.^[1] Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis may rarely occur.^[1] There is also a very low risk of the spread of infections such as viral hepatitis and HIV/AIDS with the human version.^[1] Use during pregnancy and lactation is acceptable.^[3][4] It is made from either human or horse blood plasma.^[1][5]

The immunoglobulin is categorized as immunoglobulin G (IgG).^[4] Since the tetanus toxin permanently binds to human tissues, only unbounded molecules can be neutralized by the immunoglobulin.^[2]

Use of the horse version became common in the 1910s, while the human version came into frequent use in the 1960s.^[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[7][8] The human version may be unavailable in the developing world.^[5] The horse version is not typically used in the developed world due to the risk of serum sickness.^[9]

References

1. "Tetanus Immune Globulin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
2. Callison C, Nguyen H (2022), "Tetanus Prophylaxis", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32644434, retrieved 2022-08-08
3. "Tetanus immune globulin Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
4. "Tetanus Immune Globulin (Human)", Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), 2006, PMID 30000001, retrieved 2022-08-08
5. International Encyclopedia of Public Health (2 ed.). Academic Press. 2016. p. 161. ISBN 9780128037089. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
6. Plotkin S, Orenstein WA, Offit PA (2012). Vaccines. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 103, 757. ISBN 978-1455700905. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
7. World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
8. World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
9. Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J (2008). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th Edition. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 773. ISBN 9780071641142. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.