Anomodontia

Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods.^[1] By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores.^[2] Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage (Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.

Anomodontia Temporal range: Middle Permian-Late Triassic, 270–201 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Mounted skeleton of Lystrosaurus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Anomodontia Owen, 1859
Subgroups
See text

Anomocephalus

Otsheria

Aulacocephalodon

Kannemeyeria

Classification

Taxonomy

• Order Therapsida
• Suborder Anomodontia
  • Biseridens
  • Patranomodon
  • Clade Anomocephaloidea
    • Anomocephalus
    • Tiarajudens
  • Infraorder Venyukovioidea
    • Otsheria
    • Parasuminia
    • Suminia
    • Ulemica
    • Venyukovia
  • Clade Chainosauria
    •  ?Galechirus
    • Galeops
    • Galepus
    • Infraorder Dicynodontia

Phylogeny

Cladogram modified from Cisneros et al., 2015.^[3]

Anomodontia	Biseridens Anomocephaloidea Anomocephalus Tiarajudens Galechirus Venyukovioidea Otsheria Suminia Ulemica Chainosauria Patranomodon Galeops Dicynodontia

Cladogram modified from Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017):^[4]

Anomodontia	Biseridens Venyukovioidea Otsheria Suminia Ulemica Chainosauria Galepus Anomocephaloidea Anomocephalus Tiarajudens Patranomodon Galechirus Galeops Dicynodontia

See also

• Theriodont
• Dinocephalia
• Biarmosuchians
• Evolution of mammals

References

1. Liu, J.; Rubidge, B.; Li, J. (2009). "A new specimen of Biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 285–292. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0883. PMC 2842672. PMID 19640887.
2. Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2011) Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation - Histology - Biology, p.39. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253356970. Retrieved May 2012
3. Cisneros, Juan Carlos; Abdala, Fernando; Jashashvili, Tea; De Oliveira Bueno, Ana; Dentzien-Dias, Paula (2015). "Tiarajudens eccentricus and Anomocephalus africanus , two bizarre anomodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) with dental occlusion from the Permian of Gondwana". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (7): 150090. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250090C. doi:10.1098/rsos.150090. PMC 4632579. PMID 26587266. S2CID 25503025.
4. Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Kammerer, Christian F. (2017). "The cranial morphology, phylogenetic position and biogeography of the upper Permian dicynodont Compsodon helmoedi van Hoepen (Therapsida, Anomodontia)". Papers in Palaeontology. 3 (4): 513–545. doi:10.1002/spp2.1087. S2CID 134092461.