Ammonium ferric citrate

Ammonium ferric citrate (also known as ferric ammonium citrate or ammoniacal ferrous citrate) has the formula [NH₄]y[Fex(C₆H₄O₇)]. The iron in this compound is trivalent. All three carboxyl groups and the central hydroxyl group of citric acid are deprotonated. A distinguishing feature of this compound is that it is very soluble in water, in contrast to ferric citrate which is not very soluble.^[3]

Ammonium ferric citrate

Structure of ammonium ferric citrate
Crystal structure of [NH4]5[Fe(C6H4O7)2]·2H2O[1]
Names
IUPAC name 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, ammonium iron(3+) salt
Other names Ferric ammonium citrate Ammonium iron(III) citrate Ammonium ferric citrate Iron ammonium citrate FerriSeltz
Identifiers
CAS Number	1185-57-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:31604
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200460 N
ChemSpider	13804 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.351
EC Number	214-686-6
E number	E381 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG	D01644[2]
PubChem CID	14457
UNII	UVP74NG1C5 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9040477
InChI InChI=1S/C6H8O7.Fe.H3N/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;1H3/q;+3;/p-2 Y Key: FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y InChI=1/C6H8O7.Fe.H3N/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;1H3/q;+3;/p-2 Key: FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-NUQVWONBAA
SMILES C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.N.[Fe+3]
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H8O7⋅xFe3+⋅yNH3
Appearance	yellow crystals
Pharmacology
ATC code	V08CA07 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

In its crystal structure each moiety of citric acid has lost four protons. The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group coordinates with the ammonium.^[1]

Uses

Ammonium ferric citrate has a range of uses, including:

• As a food ingredient, it has an INS number 381, and is used as an acidity regulator.^[4] Most notably used in the Scottish beverage Irn-Bru.
• Water purification^[5]
• As a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver^[5]
• With potassium ferricyanide as part of the cyanotype photographic process
• Used in Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) test to identify enterobacteriaceae bacteria by observing their metabolism of different sugars, producing hydrogen sulfide^[6]
• In medical imaging, ammonium ferric citrate is used as a contrast medium.
• As a hematinic^[7]

See also

• Food additive
• List of food additives

References

1. Matzapetakis, M.; Raptopoulou, C. P.; Tsohos, A.; Papaefthymiou, V.; Moon, N.; Salifoglou, A. (1998). "Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of the First Mononuclear, Water Soluble Iron−Citrate Complex, (NH₄)₅Fe(C₆H₄O₇)₂·2H₂O". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (50): 13266–13267. doi:10.1021/ja9807035.
2. "KEGG DRUG: Ferric ammonium citrate".
3. PubChem. "Ammonium ferric citrate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
4. "AMMONIUM FERRIC CITRATE". World Health Organization. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
5. "Ammonium Ferric Citrate Properties, Molecular Formula, Applications – WorldOfChemicals". worldofchemicals.com. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
6. Aryal, Sagar (28 November 2018). "Kligler's Iron Agar Test – Procedure, Uses and Interpretation". MicrobiologyInfo.com. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
7. Budavari, Susan, ed. (2001). The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (13th ed.). Merck. ISBN 0911910131.