Ammonia fungi

Ammonia fungi are fungi that develop fruit bodies exclusively or relatively abundantly on soil that has had ammonia or other nitrogen-containing materials added. The nitrogen materials react as bases by themselves, or after decomposition.^[1] The addition of ammonia or urea causes numerous chemical and biological changes, for examples, the pH of soil litter is increased to 8–10; the high alkaline conditions interrupts the process of nutrient recycling.^[2] The mechanisms of colonization, establishment, and occurrence of fruiting bodies of ammonia fungi has been researched in the field and the laboratory.^[3][4]

Species

• Ascobolus denudatus
• Calocybe leucocephala
• Coprinopsis cinerea
• Coprinopsis echinospora
• Coprinopsis neolagopus
• Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora^[5]
• Coprinopsis phlyctidospora
• Coprinopsis stercorea
• Crucispora rhombisperma
• Hebeloma luchuense^[6]
• Hebeloma radicosoides^[7]
• Hebeloma radicosum
• Hebeloma spoliatum
• Hebeloma vinosophyllum
• Laccaria amethystina^[8]
• Laccaria bicolor^[9]
• Sagaranella tylicolor

References

1. Sagara N. (1975). "Ammonia fungi – a chemoecological grouping of terrestrial fungi". Contributions of the Biology Lab of Kyoto. 24: 205–76.
2. Soponsathien S. (1998). "Some characteristics of ammonia fungi 1. In relation to their ligninolytic enzyme activities". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 44 (5): 337–345. doi:10.2323/jgam.44.337. PMID 12501413. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
3. Suzuki A. (2006). "Experimental and physiological ecology of ammonia fungi: studies using natural substances and artificial media". Mycoscience. 47: 3–17. doi:10.1007/s10267-005-0270-8. S2CID 85061884.
4. Sagara N, Yamanaka K, Tibbett M, Carter DJ, Tibbett M (2008). "Soil fungi associated with graves and latrines: toward a forensic mycology". Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains. Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 67–107. ISBN 978-1-4200-6991-4.
5. Raut JK, Suzuki A, Fukiharu T, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S, Tanaka C (2011). "Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov., a new ammonia fungus from boreal forests in Canada". Mycotaxon. 115: 227–38. doi:10.5248/115.227.
6. Fukiharu T, Hongo T (1995). "Ammonia fungi of Iriomote Island in the southern Ryukyus, Japan and a new ammonia fungus, Hebeloma luchuense". Mycoscience. 36 (4): 425–30. doi:10.1007/BF02268627. S2CID 85115236.
7. Sagara N, Hongo T, Murakami Y, Hashimoto T, Nagamasu H, Fukiharu T, Asakawa Y (2000). "Hebeloma radicosoides sp. nov., an agaric belonging to the chemoecological group ammonia fungi". Mycological Research. 104 (8): 1017–24. doi:10.1017/S0953756299002439.
8. Imamura A. (2001). "Report on Laccaria amethystina, newly confirmed as an ammonia fungus". Mycoscience. 42 (6): 623–25. doi:10.1007/BF02460961. S2CID 85769621.
9. Mueller GM. (1992). Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types. Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History.