Amaya (Burgos)

Amaya is a village (pop. 67 (as of 2002^[update])) located in the municipality of Sotresgudo, Burgos, in the region of Castile-Leon, Spain.

There are other meanings for Amaya.

Image of the Peña del Castillo in Peña Amaya.

The name of the village has Indo-European roots ^[1] and means "am (ma)" or "mother". The suffix io-ia is also used to form action names or toponyms, implying that the meaning of Amaya or Amaia is "mother city", as it will be called later "the capital".^[2] An alternative hypothesis states that the name derives from the Proto-Basque or Basque word Amaia, meaning "the end".^[3][4]

Amaya was one of the main villages of the Cantabri Celtic tribes, and played a key role in the Cantabrian wars during the Roman conquest of Hispania, and later, during the Visigothic Kingdom, as the capital of the Duchy of Cantabria.

Amaya is mentioned in the Chronicle of John of Biclaro, as a town captured by the Visigothic king Liuvigild in 574.^[5]

According to the Muslim chroniclers, in the year 714, Musa ibn Nusair sacked Amaya for the second time after Tariq did the year before. Peter, the provincial dux, led his people into refuge in the mountains, and after the local noble Pelayo of Asturias in the neighbor region of Asturias started a rebellion against the Berber garrison, Dux Peter as other western Galician nobles supported the election of him as new King or Princeps in the lead against the common enemy.

In the first stages of the Reconquista, the city was part of the repopulating efforts of the Kingdom of Asturias in the border region of Bardulia, the primitive territories of Castile. After the campaigns of Alfonso I of Asturias (739-757) against the Moors, the city lay an abandoned in the largely empty buffer zone between Moors and Christians known at the time as "The Desert of the Duero" and was part of the repopulation campaign carried out a century later, during the reign of Ordoño I of Asturias (850-866).

At that time it was an important and significant place, as a very old saying states: "Harto era Castilla pequeño rincón, cuando Amaya era la cabeza y Montes de Oca el mojón" (A very small corner was Castile, when Amaya was the head and Montes de Oca the boundary stone).

Amaya was historically a short-lived bishopric, which is no longer an active residential diocese.^[6] Presently, the Catholic Church recognizes Amaya as a titular see, which means it holds symbolic significance within the Church hierarchy.^[7]

References

1. Lastra Barrio, José (2008). Amaya y Peones. Burgos: Publicaciones de la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Burgos y Caja Círculo. ISBN 978-84-95874-55-9. Pp. 13
2. Lastra Barrio, José (2008). Amaya y Peones. Burgos: Publicaciones de la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Burgos y Caja Círculo. ISBN 978-84-95874-55-9. Pp. 13-14
3. Justin Cord Hayes, The Terrible Meanings of Names (2013), p. 14.
4. Patrick Hanks, Dictionary of American Family Names (2003), p. 32.
5. John of Biclaro, Chronicle, 32; translated in Kenneth Baxter Wolf, Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain, second edition (Liverpool: University Press, 1990), p. 64
6. José Luis Zubieta Irún, Geografía histórica de la Diócesis de Santander Archived 2015-01-26 at the Wayback Machine, Ed. Universidad de Cantabria, 2009, p. 18
7. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 830

42°38′30″N 4°9′50″W