Genus of fungi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Amauroderma is a genus of polyporefungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. Amauroderma fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks.
Quick Facts Scientific classification, Type species ...
The fruit bodies of Amauroderma fungi comprise a cap and a stipe, and are typically woody, leathery, or corky in texture. The spores produced are usually spherical or nearly so, with a characteristic double wall structure that features U-shaped thickenings.
Amauroderma was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. He set Amauroderma regulicolor (previously known as Fomes regulicolor Berk. ex Cooke), collected from Cuba, as the type species.[1] The name Amauroderma had been used previously by Narcisse Patouillard, when he proposed that Ganoderma be divided into the sectionsGanoderma and Amauroderma. Patouillard described the characteristics of section Amauroderma as follows: "Spores globose or subglobose, devoid of truncated base, warty, woodruff or smooth; crust hat or dull stipe pruinose, rarely shining."[5] In 1920, Torrend promoted Ganoderma sect. Amauroderma to generic status, with Amauroderma auriscalpium as the type.[3] This resulted in an illegitimate homonym, as Murrill's earlier usage of the name has priority.
The generic name means "dark/dusky-skinned" (from amauro, meaning "dark or dusky", and derma, meaning "skin").[6]
The fruit bodies of Amauroderma species are stipitate except in A.andina and may attain various shapes although centrally stipitate basidiocarps are most common. Several stipes may arise from the same base, frequently resulting in fused caps and compound fruit bodies. In section some fruit bodies are distinct with one or two distinct inner black bands or zones. The stipe is often duplex with an outer dense layer surrounding an inner softer or hollow core sometimes separated by a black band. In species with a distinct tomentum on the stipe, there is often a dark zone just below the tomentum of the cap. These zones are absent from some species with a pale stipe without a tomentum. However, when present they continue into the context and frequently there is also another zone stretching more or less horizontally across the context.[10]
Most basidiospores of Amauroderma mushrooms have an inner ornamented wall on which there is a hyaline (translucent) epicutis, which is very thin and difficult to see in ordinary microscopic preparations. Mature basidiospores are pale-yellowish. An apiculus (a depressed area where the spore was once attached to the basidium via the sterigma) is often difficult to observe.[10]
Amauroderma camerarium produces the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis protein that has been named amaurocine.[11]
Amauroderma is widespread in tropical areas.[12] Twenty species have been recorded from Brazil;[13] six have been confirmed in China.[9] A collection of Amauroderma sprucei made in Florida in 2016 was the first recorded time that the genus has been collected in the United States.[14]
Amauroderma schomburgkii, A.coltricioides, and A.calcigenum are examples of the genus that have been found fruiting on soil.[15]Amauroderma schomburgkii is the most common neotropical species.[16]
Unidentified Amauroderma found in Colombia
The tenth edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi (2008) indicated that were about 30 species in the genus.[12]As of August2017[update], Index Fungorum accepts 68 species of Amauroderma.[17]
Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (7): 353–371. doi:10.2307/2478499. JSTOR2478499.
Patouillard, N. (1889). "Le genre Ganoderma". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 5: 64–80. Spores globuleuses ou subglobuleuses, dépourvues de base tronquée, verruqueuses, aspérulées ou lisses; croûte du chapeau ou du stipe terne, pruineuse, rarement luisante.
Song, Jie; Xing, Jia-Hui; Decock Cony; He, Xiao-Lan; Cui, Bao-Kai (2016). "Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of Amauroderma (Basidiomycota) from China". Phytotaxa. 260 (1): 47–56. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.5.
Furtado, João Salvado (1981). Taxonomy of Amauroderma (Basidiomycetes, Polyporaceae). Memoirs New York Botanical Garden. Vol.34. New York. ISBN978-0893272340.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gibertoni, T.B.; Bernicchia, A.; Ryvarden, L.; Gomes-Silva, A.C. (2008). "Bresadola's polypore collection at the Natural History Museum of Trento, Italy. 2". Mycotaxon. 104: 321–323.
Furtado, João Salvado (1968). Revisâo do gênero Amauroderma (Polyporaceae); Estudos baseados nas microestruturas do basidiocarpo. Universidade de São Paulo.
Aime, M.C.; Henkel, T.W.; Ryvarden, L. (2003). "Studies in neotropical polypores 15: new and interesting species from Guyana". Mycologia. 95 (4): 614–619. doi:10.2307/3761937. JSTOR3761937. PMID21148970.
Aime, L.; Ryvarden, L.; Henkel, T.W. (2007). "Studies in Neotropical polypores 22. Additional new and rare species from Guyana". Synopsis Fungorum. 23: 15–31.
Ryvarden, L. (1974). "Type-studies in the Polyporaceae 2. Species described by M. Beeli". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique. 44 (1/2): 65–76. doi:10.2307/3667428. JSTOR3667428.
Rick, J. (1960). "Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul Brasilia. 4. Meruliaceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae". Iheringia (in Spanish). 7: 193–295.
Ryvarden, L. (1977). "Type-studies in the Polyporaceae 10. Species described by J.M. Berkeley, either alone or with other authors from 1844 to 1855". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 24: 213–230.
Wakefield, E.M. (1934). "Contributions to the flora of tropical America. XXI". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informations of the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. 1934 (6): 238–258. doi:10.2307/4115405. JSTOR4115405.
Cited literature
Furtado, João Salvado (1981). Taxonomy of Amauroderma (Basidiomycetes, Polyporaceae). Memoirs New York Botanical Garden. Vol.34. New York. ISBN978-0893272340.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
