Alviela River

Alviela River (Portuguese: Rio Alviela, Portuguese pronunciation: [alviˈɛlɐ]) is a river in Portugal. It is 51.16 kilometres (31.79 mi) long.^[3] The Alviela spring is one of the deepest in the world and is locally connected to a cave complex that represents the most significant fluvio-karstic phenomena in Portugal, one which supports several bat colonies with more than 5,000 bats in total.^[4] In 2007, a population of troglomorphic Procambarus clarkii, an invasive crayfish species, was recorded in the Alviela spring, raising concerns about their potential effect on native stygobitic fauna. These crayfish lack all body pigment, although pigmented specimens were recorded in nearby surface waters.^[5]

Alviela
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Olhos d’Água do Alviela, Alcanena
• elevation	135 m (443 ft)
Mouth	Tagus
• location	near Vale de Figueira[1]
• elevation	23 m (75 ft)
Length	51.16 km (31.79 mi)
Basin size	180 km2 (69 sq mi)[2]-331 km2 (128 sq mi)[1]
Discharge
• maximum	17 m3/s (600 cu ft/s)[2]
Basin features
Tributaries	Ribeira dos Amiais, Ribeira de Carvalhos, Ribeira da Gouxaria
Tagus Basin

The river has its origin in a karst spring. Ribeira dos Amiais, a losing stream, infiltrates through the Sumidouro da Ribeira dos Amiais, a ponor, only to return to the surface 250 m further on through a canyon.^[6]

• 
  Ribeira dos Amiais, tributary of Alviela
• 
  Sumidouro da ribeira dos Amiais, were the water from the stream infiltrates