Allylprodine

Allylprodine^[2] is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of prodine. It was discovered by Hoffman-La Roche in 1957 during research into the related drug pethidine. Derivatives were tested to prove the theory that phenolic and non-phenolic opioids bind at different sites of the opiate receptor.

Allylprodine

Clinical data
Other names	Allylprodine
ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S9 (Prohibited substance) BR: Class A1 (Narcotic drugs)[1] CA: Schedule I DE: Anlage I (Authorized scientific use only) UK: Class A US: Schedule I
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl propanoate
CAS Number	25384-17-2 N
PubChem CID	32938
DrugBank	DB01542 Y
ChemSpider	30495 Y
UNII	4343OEZ18O
KEGG	D12662 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2103995 N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80865210
ECHA InfoCard	100.291.534
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H25NO2
Molar mass	287.403 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(CC)OC1(CCN(C)CC1CC=C)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI InChI=1S/C18H25NO2/c1-4-9-16-14-19(3)13-12-18(16,21-17(20)5-2)15-10-7-6-8-11-15/h4,6-8,10-11,16H,1,5,9,12-14H2,2-3H3 Y Key:KGYFOSCXVAXULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Allylprodine is more potent as an analgesic than similar drugs such as α-prodine, and the 3R,4S-isomer is 23 times more potent than morphine, due to the allyl group binding to an additional amino acid target in the binding site on the μ-opioid receptor. It is also stereoselective, with one isomer being much more active.^[3][4] When modeled in three dimensions, the alkene overlays the alkenes found in 14-cinnamoyloxycodeinone and in 14-allyloxycodeinone, re-enforcing the presence of an interaction of the alkene.^{[citation needed]}

Allylprodine produces similar effects to other opioids, such as analgesia and sedation, along with side effects such as nausea, itching, vomiting and respiratory depression which may be harmful or fatal.

Legal status

Allylprodine is regulated in most countries as is morphine, including being in Schedule I of the US Controlled Substances Act 1970 as a Narcotic with ACSCN 9602 and a 2014 annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 2 grams.^[5]

Australia

Allylprodine is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (February 2017).^[6] A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.^[6]

Germany

Allylprodine is illegal in Germany (Anlage I)

References

1. Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
2. U.S. patent 2,798,073 - Piperidine Derivatives and Preparation
3. Portoghese PS, Shefter E (January 1976). "Stereochemical studies on medicinal agents. 19. X-ray crystal structures of two (+/-)-allylprodine diastereomers. The role of the allyl group in conferring high stereoselectivity and potency at analgetic receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 19 (1): 55–7. doi:10.1021/jm00223a012. PMID 1246054.
4. Portoghese PS, Alreja BD, Larson DL (July 1981). "Allylprodine analogues as receptor probes. Evidence that phenolic and nonphenolic ligands interact with different subsites on identical opioid receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 24 (7): 782–7. doi:10.1021/jm00139a004. PMID 6268787.
5. "Final Adjusted Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2014". Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division. U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
6. "Poisons Standard". October 2015.