Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Saud

In this Arabic name, the surname is Al Saud.

Al Jawhara bint Musaed bin Jiluwi Al Saud (Arabic: الجوهرة بنت مساعد بن جلوي آل سعود Al Jawhara bint Musāʿid bin Jiluwī Āl Suʿūd; 1891–1919) was the fourth spouse and one of the 22 consorts of Abdulaziz, Emir of Nejd, who later became the first King of Saudi Arabia. She was the mother of King Khalid, Prince Muhammad and Princess Al Anoud. King Abdulaziz stated in 1951 that despite being married many times, Al Jawhara bint Musaed was his only love.^[1]

Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Saud
Born	1891
Died	1919 (aged 27–28) Riyadh
Spouse	Abdulaziz, Emir of Nejd (later King of Saudi Arabia) ​ ​ (m. 1908)​
Issue	Prince Muhammad King Khalid Princess Al Anoud
Names Al Jawhara bint Musaed bin Jiluwi bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Saud
House	Al Saud
Father	Musaed bin Jiluwi bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Saud
Mother	Hussa bint Abdullah bin Turki Al Turki

Background

Al Jawhara bint Musaed was from the Al Jiluwis,^[2] a cadet branch of the Al Saud. The family, Al Jiluwi, are significant for Al Sauds in that they are the descendants of the younger brother of Abdulaziz's grandfather Faisal bin Turki Al Saud, Prince Jiluwi bin Turki, who served as the governor of Unayzah during the reign of Faisal bin Turki.^[3][4]

Al Jiluwi and Al Sudairi clans were strong supporters of the Al Saud in the early years of state formation.^[3] The members of Al Jiluwi family allied themselves with Abdulaziz to eliminate the threat posed by the Al Kabir clan. For instance, Abdallah bin Jiluwi served as his deputy commander and helped Al Saud in the conquest of the eastern region of Arabia.^[5] He served as the governor of the Eastern Province from 1913 to 1938.^[6][7] Then, his son, Saud bin Abdullah, served as the governor of this province between 1938 and 1967.^[7] Next, another son, Abdul Muhsin bin Abdullah, served as the governor of the province from 1967 to 1985 until being replaced by Prince Muhammed bin Fahd.^[7][8]

Additionally, the members of Al Jiluwi intermarried with the Al Sauds.^[9] King Faisal, King Fahd, King Abdullah, Prince Sultan and Prince Nayef all married women from the Al Jiluwi clan.^[10]

Early life

Al Jawhara was born in 1891.^[11] She was the daughter of Musaed, a nephew of Faisal bin Turki Al Saud.^[11] Her mother was Hussa bint Abdullah bin Turki Al Turki.^[11] Al Jawhara's paternal grandparents were Prince Jiluwi bin Turki who was the son of Turki bin Abdullah and Noura bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, a sister of King Abdulaziz's mother, Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi.^[11][12]

Abdulaziz bin Musaed, a full brother of Al Jawhara, was the governor of Hail Province.^[3][13] One of Abdulaziz bin Musaed's spouses was the sister of King Abdulaziz, Hussa bint Abdul Rahman.^[11] They had no child.^[11] The daughter of Abdulaziz bin Musaed, Al Jawhara bint Abdulaziz, was the wife of late Prince Nayef and the mother of Prince Saud and Prince Mohammad, former crown prince of Saudi Arabia.^[14] Another daughter, Al Anood bint Abdulaziz, was the first wife of King Fahd.^[11]

Marriage

The marriage of Al Jawhara and Abdulaziz was arranged by Sara bint Ahmed, Abdulaziz's mother.^[1] They married in 1908 when she was seventeen years old.^[3][11][12] She was the fourth spouse of King Abdulaziz.^[12][15] It was the only marriage of King Abdulaziz to one of the Al Saud members or a close relative.^[7][16]

Al Jawhara left him once due to the disputes, but soon they reunited.^[1] Their marriage produced three children; Prince Mohammad, King Khalid and Princess Al Anoud.^[17] Her daughter, Al Anoud, married to the sons of Saad bin Abdul Rahman.^[18] She first married Fahd bin Saad and they divorced in 1935.^[18] Then she married Saud bin Saad, brother of her ex-husband, in 1940.^[18]

In Spring 1913, before the capture of Al Hasa, Abdulaziz was in Hofuf and sent an ode to Al Jawhara.^[16] She was special for him for several reasons. First, Al Jawhara was his second cousin. Secondly, Abdulaziz's mother chose her as a wife for his son. And lastly, she died at a young age.^[19]

Activities

Al Jawhara bint Musaed was interested in horse riding and breeding.^[20] She formed a stable within the palace in Riyadh and hired the best Najdi horse riders to train cavalry who in turn contributed significantly to King Abdulaziz's attempts to unify Saudi Arabia.^[20] She donated her books to a local organization.^[11]

Death

Al Jawhara bint Musaed died in Riyadh in 1919 in the flu epidemic, which also killed Prince Turki bin Abdulaziz, eldest son of King Abdulaziz.^[15][21][22] Her death is reported to have devastated King Abdulaziz.^[3][19] He mourned for weeks and locked himself up in her room in the palace, and no one was allowed to enter the room except for Abdulaziz's sister, Noura bint Abdul Rahman.^[1][19] Her possessions were also kept untouched, and her maids continued to live in the palace.^[1]

King Abdulaziz visited Al Jawhara's grave each Friday after the morning prayers until the end of his life.^[1] In private meetings with his friends he talked about her stating that she was a great companion for him during the difficult times of establishing his rule.^[16]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Saud

32. Muhammad bin Saud 16. Abdullah bin Muhammad 33. Moudi bint Abi Wahtan Al Kathir 8. Turki bin Abdullah 4. Jiluwi bin Turki 9. Huwaydiya bint Ghaydan bin Jazi Al Shamir 2. Musaed bin Jiluwi 10. Ahmed Al Kabir bin Muhammad bin Turki Al Sudairi 5. Noura bint Ahmed Al Sudairi 11. Hessa bint Muhanna bin Saleh Al Nuwairan 1. Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Jiluwi 6. Abdullah bin Turki Al Turki 3. Hussa bint Abdullah bin Turki Al Turki

References

1. Henry Martin (1 July 1951). "Desert Eagle". Esquire. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
2. Helen Chapin Metz, ed. (1992). Saudi Arabia: A Country Study (5th ed.). Washington DC: US Government Print Office. ISBN 9780844407913.
3. "Al Jawhara bint Musaed bin Jiluwi Al Jiluwi". Datarabia. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
4. J. E. Peterson (2020). Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-5381-1980-8.
5. Simon Henderson (9 October 2009). "Factors Affecting Saudi Succession are a Family Affair". The Cutting Edge News. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
6. H. St. J. B. Philby (December 1920). "Across Arabia: From the Persian Gulf to the Red Sea". The Geographical Journal. 56 (6): 449. doi:10.2307/1780467. JSTOR 1780467.
7. Michael Herb (1999). All in the family. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. p. 102. ISBN 0-7914-4168-7.
8. Robert J. Pranger (1988). "The Dimensions of American Foreign Policy in the Middle East". In Peter J. Chelkowski; Robert J. Pranger (eds.). Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski. Durham, NC: Duke University. p. 460. ISBN 0822381508.
9. Joshua Teitelbaum (1 November 2011). "Saudi Succession and Stability". BESA Center Perspectives. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
10. Mordechai Abir (1988). Saudi Arabia in the Oil Era: Regime and Elites: Conflict and Collaboration. Kent: Croom Helm. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7099-5129-2.
11. Yousef Othman Al Huzaim. An Exceptional Woman Wife of a King. Darussalam Publishers. p. 7. GGKEY:D6ZEE3WS95S.
12. "Biography of King Khalid". King Khalid Foundation (in Arabic). p. 2. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
13. Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Harvard University. p. 42. ProQuest 30329548.
14. "Man of the new generation". The National. 19 May 2015. ProQuest 1681700133. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
15. Mark Weston (2008). Prophets and Princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
16. Leslie McLoughlin (1993). Ibn Saud: Founder of A Kingdom. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-349-22578-1.
17. Winberg Chai (2005). Saudi Arabia: A Modern Reader. Indianapolis, IN: University of Indianapolis Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-88093-859-4.
18. Sharaf Sabri (2001). The House of Saud in commerce: A study of royal entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. New Delhi: I.S. Publications. p. 105. ISBN 81-901254-0-0.
19. "King Abdulaziz' Noble Character" (PDF). Islam House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
20. "Personal trips". King Khalid Exhibition. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
21. Jennifer Reed (2009). The Saudi Royal Family. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-4381-0476-8.
22. Bader Al Saif (22 April 2020). "Ramadan to Test Religious Elements of Saudi Pandemic Response". Carnegie Middle East Center. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.