Aden Abdullahi Nur
Somali military officer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aden Abdullahi Nur "Gabyow" (Somali: Aadan Cabdullaahi Nuur "Gabyoow", Osmanya: ππππ ππππππππππ Nπππ "Gπππππ", Arabic: Ψ§Ψ―Ω ΨΉΨ¨Ψ― Ψ§ΩΩΩ ΩΩΨ±"Ψ¬Ψ¨ΩΩ, born 10 October 1920 β died 5 June 2002) was a very senior Somali, Military Officer, Faction leader, Politician, a leading member and one of the most powerful men in the Somali Democratic Republic.
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Aden Abdullahi Nur "Gabyow" "Ψ§Ψ―Ω ΨΉΨ¨Ψ― Ψ§ΩΩΩ ΩΩΨ±"Ψ¬Ψ¨ΩΩ ππππ ππππππππππ Nπππ "Gπππππ" | |
|---|---|
| 6th Deputy Minister of Defence and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army | |
| In office 31 May 1984 β 20 June 1986 | |
| President | Siad Barre |
| Preceded by | Omar Haji Mohamed |
| Succeeded by | Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan |
| 5th Minister of Defence and Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army | |
| In office 20 June 1986 β 1 February 1989 | |
| President | Siad Barre |
| Preceded by | Muhammad Ali Samatar |
| Succeeded by | Hussein Sheikh Abdirahman |
| 7th Minister of Information and Tourism | |
| In office 1 February 1989 β 21 April 1989 | |
| President | Siad Barre |
| Preceded by | Abdirashid Sheikh Ahmed |
| Succeeded by | Yassin Hajji Ismail |
| 3rd Minister of Presidential and Public Affairs | |
| In office 21 April 1989 β 24 July 1989 | |
| President | Siad Barre |
| Preceded by | Abdi Warsame Isaq |
| Succeeded by | Abdullahi Osoble Siad |
| 2nd Chairman of the Somali Patriotic Movement | |
| In office 12 April 1992 β 5 June 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Bashir Bililiqo |
| Succeeded by | Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 10 October 1920 Mado Gashi, Northern Frontier District |
| Died | 5 June 2002 [aged 81] Nairobi, Kenya |
| Resting place | Bu'ale, Middle Juba, Somalia |
| Political party |  Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party Somali Patriotic Movement |
| Relations | Bashir Bililiqo [son-in-law] |
| Alma mater | Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Odesa Military Academy |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom [1941-1963]. Kenya [1963-1969]. Somali Democratic Republic [1969-1990]. Somali Patriotic Movement [1991-2002]. |
| Branch/service | King's African Rifles Kenya Defence Forces Somali National Army Somali Patriotic Movement |
| Years of service | 1941-2002 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | Commander of the Lenet Military Training Academy [1953-1954]. Commander of the King's African Rifles [1958-1963]. Commander of the Ground Forces of the Kenya Defence Force [1963-1967]. Commander of the Training Department of the Ministry of Defence of Kenya [1967-1968]. Commander of the Halane Military Training School [1970-1973]. Commander of the Training Department of the Somali National Army [1973-1975]. Commander of the Strategy Department of the Somali National Army [1975-1979]. Director of the Ministry of Defence of Somalia [1979-1982]. Chairman of the Defence Committee of the Somali National Assembly [1982-1984]. |
| Battles/wars | |
Early years
Aden Abdullahi Nur "Gabyow" was born on 10 October 1920, in the district of Mado Gashi in the Northern Frontier District, which was under British rule. He received his primary education in Garissa, the capital city of the Northern Frontier District.
In 1941, he joined the British Colonial Army in charge of the Horn of Africa, called the King's African Rifles, in their third battalion. He received training in Jinja, formerly under British colonial rule. In 1943, he was taken to Jigjiga, the capital city of the Ogaden, where the main base of the King's African Rifles was located, and was promoted to the rank of Sergeant.
After his duty in Jigjiga, he was sent to Kismayo, before being returned to Kenya when the British handed the territory over to Italy. Gabyow was among the British troops sent to fight in Korea until 1952. He had previously fought in the Malayan Emergency. In 1952, he was sent to Britain as one of the African troops who attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.[1]
Career
Summarize
Perspective
In 1963, Gabyow became a platoon leader in the new Kenyan army. In 1970, he traveled to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and was transported to Mogadishu by the Somali embassy. Due to his experience in fighting communists in Asia, he was sent to the Soviet Union for four years of training. He became head of a new police station and was later appointed head of Halane military training station in 1976. He was promoted to the rank of colonel the same year.[2]
After heading the Halane military training station, General Adan Gabyow became Minister of Defence under Siad Barre. Following a conflict with Siad Barre, he was arrested and jailed in 1988.[2]
Foreign and Commonwealth Office files at Kew show that Gen Aden Abdullahi Nur was relieved as Minister of Defence and appointed Minister of Tourism on 30 January 1989.[3]
Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM)
Somali Patriotic Movement was formed in 1985 as a result of a split in the Somali Salvation Democratic Front by military dissidents from Gabyow's own Ogaden In 1988, they demanded the release of General Gabyow and encouraged officers from their Ogaden clan to resign, leading to the defection of Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess. The dismissal of Gabyow was the catalyst for a conflict that had been building for years.[4] In March 1989, soldiers of the Ogaden mutinied in Kismayo, and fighting continued until government troops gained the upper hand in July.[5][6]
Civil War
In January 1991, the government of Siad Barre was toppled in Mogadishu by the Hawiye-dominated United Somali Congress. In February 1991, fighting erupted between the USC and the SPM in Afgoye. The SPM were forced to flee south to Kismayo, where they joined other Darod who had fled from Mogadishu. In April the same year, SPM lost control of Kismayo and the USC captured the city at the end of the month, pushing the SPM/SNF south of Dhobley.[6]
Gabyow was released from prison when the USC overran the capital. Following the defeat of SPM, various Darod factions, including the SPM, SSDF and SNF regrouped under the banner of SPM. Gabyow was appointed the new chairman of SPM, taking over from Colonel Biliqo, and Jess became the military commander. General Morgan was given charge of the police. The SPM recaptured Kismayo and Brava in June 1991.[6]
Following their defeat, the Darod factions, including the SPM (Ogaden), SSDF (Harti) and SNF (Marehan), regrouped under the banner of the SPM. Internal Darod conflicts over land were overshadowed by the anti-Darod rhetoric from Mohamed Farrah Aidid, who proclaimed his intention of clearing all Darod from Somalia. Gabiyo was appointed the new chairman of the SPM, and Jess the military commander. General Morgan (Majeerteen and Barre's son-in-law) was given charge of the police. The election of Gabiyo as the chairman led to a rift between Gabiyo and Jess, reportedly because Gabiyo was elected chairman to ensure the support of his Awlihan clan, who until then had been supporting Jess.[6]
In June 1991, the SPM recaptured Kismayo and Brava. A second attempt to retake Mogadishu was again defeated by the USC. In December 1991, during the reelection of the SPM chairman, Gabiyo and Morgan combined forces to remove Jess's forces from Kismayo and Brava. Jess then formed an alliance with Aideed's USC, which became known as the Somali Liberation Army (SLA). Their combined forces pushed Gabiyo and Morgan out of Kismayo, and in April 1992 forced Barre into exile in Kenya. Following this victory, Aideed and Jess formed the Somali National Alliance (SNA), combining with the SDM and the SSNM.[6]
In December 1991, during the reelection of the SPM chairman, Gabyow combined forces with Morgan, who led SSDF/SPM, to remove Jess' forces from Kismayo and Brava. Jess then allied with General Mohamed Farrah Aideed's USC. Their combined forces pushed Gabyow and Morgan out of Kismayo, leading Siad Barre to exile. As a result of a US-led UN-sanctioned intervention in Somalia, Unified Task Force (UNITAF) took control of Kismayo. When the forces withdrew, the city once again remained under control of an alliance of SPM/SSDF/SNF forces.[6]
Cairo Peace Conference
General Gabyow was among 25 delegates attending the Cairo Peace Conference in 1998. Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed and Gabyow left the Cairo talks and later announced their rejection of the Cairo declaration. Gabyow accused Hussein Aideed, son of Aideed, and the Egyptian government of instigating violence in Kismayo, but both the Egyptian authorities and Aidid denied any involvement.[7]
Both General Morgan and Gabyow belonged to the Darod clan, which felt marginalised by the political dominance of the Hawiye due to the legitimacy the Cairo declaration gave Somalia's two most powerful Hawiye - Hussein Farrah Aideed and Ali Mahdi Muhammad.[7] The Cairo declaration subsequently failed after signatories, including Aideed, failed to disarm.[8]
In 2000, Gabyow was among several leaders calling for a federal system in Somalia.[9]
Death
After suffering from illnesses, Gabyow died on 5 June 2002 in Nairobi, capital city of Kenya, after suffering a stroke. His body was flown to Bu'ale, capital of the Middle Juba region, where he was given a funeral.[citation needed]
See also
References
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