Abutilon [3] is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae.[4] It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics[5] of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia.[6] General common names include Indian mallow[7] and velvetleaf;[8] ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple.
The genus name is an 18th-century Neo-Latin word[9] that came from the Arabic ’abū-ṭīlūn (أبو طيلون),[10] the name given by Avicenna to this or a similar genus.[11]
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The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", have recently (2012, 2014) been transferred to the new genus Callianthe.
Plants of this genus include herbs, shrubs, and trees.[5] They range in height from about 0.5 to 3 meters (1.5 to 10 feet).[12] The herbage is generally hairy to woolly or bristly.[13] The leaf blades are usually entire, but the occasional species has lobed leaves. They are palmately veined and have wavy or serrated edges. Flowers are solitary, paired, or borne in small inflorescences in the leaf axils or toward the branch tips. The calyx is bell-shaped with five lobes. The corolla is usually bell-shaped to wheel-shaped, with five petals joined at the bases.
The flowers of wild species are most often yellow or orange,[5] but can be red or pinkish, sometimes with a darker center. The stamens are fused into a tube lined at the mouth with anthers. Inside the tube is the branching style with head-like stigmas. The fruit is a rounded or hemispherical schizocarp with up to 20 segments, each containing a few seeds.[5][13]
There are about 200 species in the genus.[5][13] Plants of the World Online accepts 177 species.[2]
Species include:[7][14][2]
- Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke – bushy abutilon,[15] shrubby Indian mallow
- Abutilon affine (Spreng.) G.Don – Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
- Abutilon albidum (Willd.) Sweet
- Abutilon auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet – Asian Indian mallow
- Abutilon australiense (Hochr. ex Britten) Nimbalkar, Nandikar & Sardesai
- Abutilon austroafricanum Hochr.
- Abutilon bedfordianum (Hook.) A.St.-Hil. – Bedford's mallow
- Abutilon berlandieri Gray ex S.Watson – Berlandier's Indian mallow
- Abutilon bidentatum A.Rich.
- Abutilon bivalve (Cav.) Dorr
- Abutilon buchii Urb.
- Abutilon darwinii Hook.f. – Darwin's mallow
- Abutilon eremitopetalum Caum – hiddenpetal Indian mallow (Lānaʻi in Hawaii)
- Abutilon fraseri (Hook.f.) Walp. - Dwarf lantern-flower
- Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. – Texas Indian mallow
- Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet
- Abutilon grandiflorum G.Don
- Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet – hairy Indian mallow
- Abutilon greveanum (Baill.) Hochr.
- Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell
- Abutilon halophilum F.Muell. ex Schltdl.
- Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet – Florida Keys Indian mallow
- Abutilon hulseanum Torr. ex A.Gray
- Abutilon hypoleucum A.Gray – whiteleaf Indian mallow
- Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet – hoary abutilon, pelotazo (Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, Hawaii)
- Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet – Indian abutilon, Indian lantern-flower, monkeybush
- Abutilon insigne Planch.
- Abutilon julianae Endl.
- Abutilon lauraster Hochr.
- Abutilon leonardi Urb. – woolly abutilon
- Abutilon leucopetalum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – desert Chinese-lantern
- Abutilon listeri Baker f.
- Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Abutilon malacum S. Watson – yellow Indian mallow
- Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik.
- Abutilon megapotamicum A.St.-Hil. & Naudin – trailing abutilon
- Abutilon menziesii Seem. – koʻoloaʻula (Hawaii)
- Abutilon mollicomum (Willd.) Sweet – Sonoran Indian mallow
- Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet
- Abutilon niveum Griseb. – white-flowered abutilon
- Abutilon oxycarpum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – small-leaved abutilon
- Abutilon palmeri A.Gray – Palmer's Indian mallow
- Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl.
- Abutilon parishii A.Watson – Parish's Indian mallow
- Abutilon parvulum A.Gray – dwarf Indian mallow
- Abutilon pauciflorum A.St.-Hil. – woolly abutilon[16]
- Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet – coastal Indian mallow
- Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hook.) Walp. – redvein abutilon, painted Indian mallow (syn. A. striatum)
- Abutilon pitcairnense Fosberg
- Abutilon purpurascens (Link) K.Schum.
- Abutilon reflexum (Juss. ex Cav.) Sweet
- Abutilon ramiflorum A.St.-Hil.
- Abutilon ranadei Woodr.et.Stapf - Indian son ghanta
- Abutilon reventum S.Watson – yellowflower Indian mallow
- Abutilon sachetianum Fosberg
- Abutilon sandwicense (O.Deg.) Christoph. – greenflower Indian mallow (Oahʻu in Hawaii)
- Abutilon sellowianum (Klotzsch) Regel
- Abutilon theophrasti Medik. – butterprint, abutilon-hemp, China-jute, velvetleaf (in USA), swamp Chinese-lantern, common yellow mallow
- Abutilon thurberi A.Gray – Thurber's Indian mallow
- Abutilon thyrsodendron Griseb.
- Abutilon trisulcatum (Jacq.) Britton & Millsp. – anglestem Indian mallow
- Abutilon tubulosum (A.Cunn. ex Hook.) Walp.
- Abutilon venosum Lem.
- Abutilon virginianum Krapov. – Virgin Islands abutilon
- Abutilon wrightii A.Gray – Wright's Indian mallow
- Bakeridesia integerrima (Hook.) D.M.Bates (as A. chittendenii Standl.)
- Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell (as A. spicatum Kunth)
- Corynabutilon ochsenii (Phil.) Kearney (as A. ochsenii (Phil.) Reiche)
- Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney (as A. vitifolium (Cav.) C.Presl)
Some abutilons are cultivated as garden plants. Several hybrids and cultivars have been developed.
Cultivars, hybrids, and species that have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit include:
Abutilons can be propagated from seed or via cuttings. A. megapoticum is grown as a house plant, but needs considerable light, including several hours of sunlight per day, and moderate temperatures of 61 to 74 °F (16 to 23 °C). The best potting medium is a loose soil rich in organic material and sand and watered when dry to the touch. The amount of watering should be reduced from November to March and the plant pruned back one third at the end of this rest period. The plant is prone to attack by scale insects. The plant is best replaced every two to three years with new specimens.[30]
"Abutilon Mill". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2017-04-18. Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07.
Abutilon. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Britton & Millspaugh, p. 266
Chiusoli, Alessandro; Boriani, Luisa Maria (1986). Simon & Schuster's guide to houseplants. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0671631314.
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