Activin receptor type-2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2A gene.[5][6][7]
ACVR2A is an activin type 2 receptor.
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This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases.[7]
ACVR2A has been shown to interact with:
Donaldson CJ, Mathews LS, Vale WW (May 1992). "Molecular cloning and binding properties of the human type II activin receptor". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184 (1): 310–6. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91194-U. PMID 1314589. Bondestam J, Horelli-Kuitunen N, Hildén K, Ritvos O, Aaltonen J (April 2000). "Assignment of ACVR2 and ACVR2B the human activin receptor type II and IIB genes to chromosome bands 2q22.2-->q23.3 and 3p22 and the human follistatin gene (FST) to chromosome 5q11.2 by FISH". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87 (3–4): 219–20. doi:10.1159/000015429. PMID 10702675. S2CID 36135054. De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, Ameerun RF, Feijen A, Sugino H, De Waele P, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Van Den Eijden-Van Raaij AJ (May 1996). "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors". Exp. Cell Res. 224 (2): 323–34. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0142. PMID 8612709. Tsuchida K, Nakatani M, Matsuzaki T, Yamakawa N, Liu Z, Bao Y, Arai KY, Murakami T, Takehara Y, Kurisaki A, Sugino H (October 2004). "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225 (1–2): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.006. PMID 15451561. S2CID 34666659.
- Welt CK (2002). "The physiology and pathophysiology of inhibin, activin and follistatin in female reproduction". Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 14 (3): 317–23. doi:10.1097/00001703-200206000-00012. PMID 12032389. S2CID 44327401.
- Matzuk MM, Bradley A (1992). "Cloning of the human activin receptor cDNA reveals high evolutionary conservation". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1130 (1): 105–8. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90472-C. PMID 1311955.
- Mathews LS, Vale WW (1991). "Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase". Cell. 65 (6): 973–82. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90549-E. PMID 1646080. S2CID 36407277.
- Xu J, McKeehan K, Matsuzaki K, McKeehan WL (1995). "Inhibin antagonizes inhibition of liver cell growth by activin by a dominant-negative mechanism". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (11): 6308–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.11.6308. PMID 7890768.
- Attisano L, Cárcamo J, Ventura F, Weis FM, Massagué J, Wrana JL (1993). "Identification of human activin and TGF beta type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors". Cell. 75 (4): 671–80. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90488-C. PMID 8242742. S2CID 25408172.
- Peng C, Huang TH, Jeung EB, Donaldson CJ, Vale WW, Leung PC (1993). "Expression of the type II activin receptor gene in the human placenta". Endocrinology. 133 (6): 3046–9. doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243335. PMID 8243335.
- De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, Ameerun RF, Feijen A, Sugino H, De Waele P, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Van Den Eijden-Van Raaij AJ (1996). "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors". Exp. Cell Res. 224 (2): 323–34. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0142. PMID 8612709.
- Attisano L, Wrana JL, Montalvo E, Massagué J (1996). "Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (3): 1066–73. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.3.1066. PMC 231089. PMID 8622651.
- Liu QY, Niranjan B, Gomes P, Gomm JJ, Davies D, Coombes RC, Buluwela L (1996). "Inhibitory effects of activin on the growth and morpholgenesis of primary and transformed mammary epithelial cells". Cancer Res. 56 (5): 1155–63. PMID 8640777.
- Nishitoh H, Ichijo H, Kimura M, Matsumoto T, Makishima F, Yamaguchi A, Yamashita H, Enomoto S, Miyazono K (1996). "Identification of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors for growth/differentiation factor-5". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (35): 21345–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.35.21345. PMID 8702914.
- Lebrun JJ, Vale WW (1997). "Activin and inhibin have antagonistic effects on ligand-dependent heteromerization of the type I and type II activin receptors and human erythroid differentiation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (3): 1682–91. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.3.1682. PMC 231893. PMID 9032295.
- Macías-Silva M, Hoodless PA, Tang SJ, Buchwald M, Wrana JL (1998). "Specific activation of Smad1 signaling pathways by the BMP7 type I receptor, ALK2". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25628–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.25628. PMID 9748228.
- Barbara NP, Wrana JL, Letarte M (1999). "Endoglin is an accessory protein that interacts with the signaling receptor complex of multiple members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (2): 584–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.2.584. PMID 9872992.
- Lux A, Attisano L, Marchuk DA (1999). "Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK-1". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (15): 9984–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.15.9984. PMID 10187774.
- D'Abronzo FH, Swearingen B, Klibanski A, Alexander JM (1999). "Mutational analysis of activin/transforming growth factor-beta type I and type II receptor kinases in human pituitary tumors". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (5): 1716–21. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.5.5704. PMID 10323406.
- Ebisawa T, Tada K, Kitajima I, Tojo K, Sampath TK, Kawabata M, Miyazono K, Imamura T (1999). "Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation". J. Cell Sci. 112 (20): 3519–27. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.20.3519. PMID 10504300.
- van Schaik RH, Wierikx CD, Timmerman MA, Oomen MH, van Weerden WM, van der Kwast TH, van Steenbrugge GJ, de Jong FH (2000). "Variations in activin receptor, inhibin/activin subunit and follistatin mRNAs in human prostate tumour tissues". Br. J. Cancer. 82 (1): 112–7. doi:10.1054/bjoc.1999.0886. PMC 2363208. PMID 10638976.
- Shoji H, Tsuchida K, Kishi H, Yamakawa N, Matsuzaki T, Liu Z, Nakamura T, Sugino H (2000). "Identification and characterization of a PDZ protein that interacts with activin type II receptors". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (8): 5485–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.8.5485. PMID 10681527.