John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough

John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough, KG, PC (2 June 1822 – 4 July 1883), styled Earl of Sunderland from 1822 to 1840 and Marquess of Blandford from 1840 to 1857, was a British Conservative cabinet minister, politician, peer, and nobleman. He was the paternal grandfather of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill.

His Grace The Duke of Marlborough KG PC
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
In office 11 December 1876 – 21 April 1880
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Benjamin Disraeli
Preceded by	The Duke of Abercorn
Succeeded by	The Earl Cowper
Lord President of the Council
In office 8 March 1867 – 9 December 1868
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Benjamin Disraeli
Preceded by	The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
Succeeded by	The Earl de Grey and Ripon
Member of the House of Lords as Duke of Marlborough
In office 1 July 1857 – 4 July 1883
Preceded by	George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough
Succeeded by	George Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough
Personal details
Born	(1822-06-02)2 June 1822 Garboldisham Hall, Garboldisham, Norfolk, England
Died	4 July 1883(1883-07-04) (aged 61) Berkeley Square, Mayfair, London, England
Political party	Conservative
Spouse	Lady Frances Anne Vane ​ ​ (m. 1843)​
Children	George Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough Lord Frederick Spencer-Churchill Cornelia Guest, Baroness Wimborne Rosamund Fellowes, Baroness de Ramsey Lord Randolph Churchill Fanny Marjoribanks, Baroness Tweedmouth Anne Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill Lord Augustus Spencer-Churchill Georgiana Curzon, Countess Howe Lady Sarah Wilson
Parents	George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough Lady Jane Stewart
Alma mater	Oriel College, Oxford

Background and education

John Spencer-Churchill was born at Garboldisham Hall, Norfolk, the eldest son of George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough, and Lady Jane Stewart, daughter of Admiral George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway. He was educated at Eton College and Oriel College, Oxford.

He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Queen's Own Oxfordshire Yeomanry in 1842^[1] and was promoted to captain on 22 April 1847. His father and younger brother also served in the regiment.^[2]

He held 23,000 acres, mostly in Oxfordshire.^[3]

Political career

Spencer-Churchill was Member of Parliament for Woodstock from 1844 to 1845 and again from 1847 to 1857. He was responsible for the "Blandford Act" of 1856, enabling populous parishes to be divided for purposes of Church work.^[4] In 1857, he succeeded his father in the dukedom and entered the House of Lords.

He served under Lord Derby as Lord Steward of the Household from 1866 to 1867, and under Derby and later Benjamin Disraeli as Lord President of the Council—with a seat in the cabinet—from 1867 to 1868.He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1866, and made a Knight of the Garter in 1868. On the formation of Disraeli's second cabinet in 1874, he was offered, but declined, the Viceroyalty of Ireland.^[1] He again held office under Disraeli as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1876 to 1880.^[5]

Spencer-Churchill was president of The Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society for many years. He died suddenly of angina pectoris at 29 Berkeley Square, London, on 4 July 1883. After lying in state at Blenheim Palace, he was buried in the private chapel on 10 July.^[1]

Family

On 12 July 1843, Spencer-Churchill married Lady Frances Anne Emily Vane (15 April 1822 – 16 April 1899), eldest daughter of the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry and Lady Frances Anne Emily Vane-Tempest. They had eleven children:

• George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough (13 May 1844 – 9 November 1892), whose son Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough, married into the Vanderbilt family.
• Lord Frederick John Winston Spencer-Churchill (2 February 1846 – 5 August 1850)
• Lady Cornelia Henrietta Maria Spencer-Churchill (17 September 1847 – Upper Brook Street, Mayfair, London, 22 January 1927), married 25 May 1868 Ivor Bertie Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne, by whom she had issue.
• Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895), married 15 April 1874 Jennie Jerome. Their issue included Sir Winston Churchill and John Strange Spencer-Churchill.
• Lady Rosamund Jane Frances Spencer-Churchill (9 November 1851 – 3 December 1920), married 12 July 1877 William Fellowes, 2nd Baron de Ramsey, by whom she had issue.
• Lady Fanny Octavia Louise Spencer-Churchill (29 January 1853 – 5 August 1904), married 9 June 1873 Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth, by whom she had issue.
• Lady Anne Emily Spencer-Churchill (Lower Brook Street, Mayfair, London, 14 November 1854 – South Audley Street, Mayfair, London, 20 June 1923), married 11 June 1874 James Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe, by whom she had issue.
• Lord Charles Ashley Spencer-Churchill (25 November 1856 – 11 March 1858)
• Lord Augustus Robert Spencer-Churchill (4 July 1858 – 12 May 1859)
• Lady Georgiana Elizabeth Spencer-Churchill (10 St James's Square, St James's, London, 14 May 1860 – 9 February 1906), married 4 June 1883 Richard George Penn Curzon, 4th Earl Howe, by whom she had issue.
• Lady Sarah Isabella Augusta Spencer-Churchill (4 July 1865 – 22 October 1929), a war correspondent during the Boer War; married 21 November 1891 Lt. Col. Gordon Chesney Wilson (son of Sir Samuel Wilson MP), by whom she had issue.

Marlborough died on 4 July 1883, aged 61, and was succeeded in the title by his eldest son, George. His wife died sixteen years later, on 16 April 1899, aged 77.

Portrayals in film and television

Marlborough was portrayed by Cyril Luckham in the 1974 Thames Television mini-series Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill.

Ancestry

Ancestors of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough

8. George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough 4. George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough 9. Lady Caroline Russell 2. George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough 10. John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway 5. Lady Susan Stewart 11. Anne Dashwood 1. John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough 12. John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway (= 10.) 6. George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway 13. Anne Dashwood (= 11.) 3. Lady Jane Stewart 14. Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge 7. Lady Jane Paget 15. Jane Champagné

References

1. Boase 1887.
2. Arthur Sleigh, The Royal Militia and Yeomanry Cavalry Army List, April 1850, London: British Army Despatch Press, 1850/Uckfield: Naval and Military Press, 1991, ISBN 978-1-84342-410-9, p. 27.
3. The great landowners of Great Britain and Ireland
4.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Marlborough, Earls and Dukes of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 737.
5. Chisholm 1911.

Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Boase, George Clement (1887). "Churchill, John Winston Spencer". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough
• The Papers of the 7th Duke of Marlborough held at Churchill Archives Centre

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir Frederic Thesiger	Member of Parliament for Woodstock 1844–1845	Succeeded by Viscount Loftus
Preceded by Lord Alfred Spencer-Churchill	Member of Parliament for Woodstock 1847–1857	Succeeded by Lord Alfred Spencer-Churchill
Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Bessborough	Lord Steward 1866–1867	Succeeded by The Earl of Tankerville
Preceded by The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos	Lord President of the Council 1867–1868	Succeeded by The Earl of Ripon
Preceded by The Duke of Abercorn	Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1876–1880	Succeeded by The Earl Cowper
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Duke of Marlborough	Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire 1857–1883	Succeeded by Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt
Peerage of England
Preceded by George Spencer-Churchill	Duke of Marlborough 1857–1883	Succeeded by George Spencer-Churchill