78K
Microcontroller family From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
78K is the trademark name of 16- and 8-bit microcontroller family[1]: 23-4–23-5 [2]: 78 manufactured by Renesas Electronics, originally developed by NEC[3][4]: 229 started in 1986.[5]: 7, line 2 The basis of 78K Family is an accumulator-based register-bank CISC architecture. 78K is a single-chip microcontroller, which usually integrates; program ROM, data RAM, serial interfaces, timers, I/O ports, an A/D converter, an interrupt controller, and a CPU core, on one die.[6][7]: 412
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 1986 |
| Discontinued | current |
| Common manufacturer |
|
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | 32 kHz to 24 MHz |
| Data width | 16/8 |
| Address width | 20(24)/16 |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Application | Embedded |
| Instruction set | 78K Family |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| Products, models, variants | |
| Variant |
|
| History | |
| Predecessors | 87AD Family, 17K Family |
| Successor | RL78 Family |
Its application area is mainly simple mechanical system controls and man-machine interfaces.[8][9][10]
Regarding software development tools, C compilers and macro-assemblers are available.[11]: 99 As for development tool hardware, full probing-pod type and debug port type in-circuit emulators,[12][13] and flash ROM programmers[14]: 22–24 are available.
Historically, the family has 11 series with 9 instruction set architectures. As of 2018, 3 instruction set architectures, those are 8-bit 78K0, 8-bit 78K0S, and 16-/8-bit 78K0R, are still promoted for customers' new designs.[14] But in most of cases, migration to RL78 Family,[15] which is a successor of 78K0R and almost binary level compatible with 78K0R,[16]: 20 is recommended.[17]
Variants
Summarize
Perspective
78K0 Series
78K0 Series (also known as 78K/0) is a long-running 8-bit single chip microcontroller,[18] which is the basis of 78K0S and 78K0R Series. It contains 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. For 16-bit calculating instructions, it performs ALU operation twice. Each instructions are performed serially without instruction pipelining. It has 16-bit 64K Byte address space.[19] Some variants of 78K0 have affordable and compact type 8-bit R-2R D/A converter, which does not have monotonicity because it is not trimmed for adjustment nor followed by operational amplifier.
In its earlier stage, the Program Memory was one-time PROM (OTP), UV-EPROM, or mask ROM.[20] But with the times, it became flash memory.[21][22]
78K0S Series
78K0S Series (also known as 78K/0S) is a low-end version of 78K0.[23][24][25] It has 8× 8-bit registers, but without any banks. In addition, some instructions, such as multiplication and division, are removed from 78K0 instruction set architecture.[26]
78K0R Series
78K0R Series is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 3-stage instruction pipelining.[27] Its instruction set is similar to 78K0 and covers 16- and 8-bit operations. It has 20-bit 1M Byte address space.[28] 75 instructions out of 80 are identical with that of RL78 Family; its successor.[16]: 20 [15][29]
178K0 Series
178K0 Series (also known as 178K/0) is a successor of NEC's 17K Family 4-bit microcontroller for DTS (Digital Tuning Systems) and remote controls.[30] It integrates 17K family's peripheral functions with the 78K0 8-bit CPU core on a chip.[31]
178K0S Series
178K0S Series (also known as 178K/0S) is also a successor of 17K Family with the 78K0S CPU core.[32]
78K4 Series
78K4 Series (also known as 78K/4) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 16 and 8-bit operations.[33][34][35][36] It has 16× 8-bit registers ×4 banks, which can be also used for 8× 16-bit registers ×4 banks. Some of these registers can be also used as 24-bit extension for addressing modes.[37] It has 24-bit 16M Byte address space. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions.[38]: §23.8, 560–593
78K7 Series
78K7 Series (also known as 78K/7) is a 32-bit single-chip microcontroller with 32, 16 and 8 bit operations. It has 8× 32-bit registers ×16 banks, which can be also used for 16× 16-bit registers ×16 banks and 16× 8-bit registers ×16 banks. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions. It has 24-bit 16M Byte linear address space. It is used for some Quantum Fireball products,[39]: Photo 2 but shortly replaced with V850 Family 32-bit RISC microcontrollers.
78K6 Series
78K6 Series (also known as 78K/6) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller. Its life-time was short, and less variants.
78K1 Series
78K1 Series (also known as 78K/1) is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. 78K1 series is targeted for servo controls of videocassette recorders. μPD78148 sub-series integrates 2 operational amplifiers.[40]
78K3 Series
78K3 Series (also known as 78K/3) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 16 and 8 bit operations. It has 16× 8-bit ×8 banks, which can be also used for 8× 16-bit registers ×8 banks. Its address space is 16-bit 64K Byte. It is developed as high-end series of 78K Family. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions.[41]: §13.4, 261–280
This series is used for hard disk drives, especially Quantum Fireball Series.[42] μPD78364 sub-series is used for inverter compressor controls.[43] It is also used for traction control systems of some cars.
78K2 Series
78K2 Series (also known as 78K/2) is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. It is developed as general purpose series of 78K Family.[44]
Predecessors
87AD Family
87AD Family[4]: 229 is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. Its instruction set architecture became the basis of 78K.[45]
17K Family
17K Family[4]: 229 is a 4-bit single-chip microcontroller, especially dedicated for DTS (Digital Tuning Systems) and remote controls. It has 2 plane of 128× 4-bit register files, and sophisticated fully orthogonal instruction set. This instruction set is completely different from that of 78K Family.[30]
Table list of 78K Family
| Series | ALU | Registers | Instructions | Pipeline | Remark | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RL78-S3 | 16-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 81 (75+6) | 3-stage | Successor of 78K0R | [29]: 8 |
| RL78-S2 | 16-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 75 | 3-stage | ||
| RL78-S1 | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit (no bank) | 74 (75-1) | 3-stage | ||
| 78K0R | 16-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 80 (75+5) | 3-stage | Extended 78K/0 | [28]: 18 |
| 78K0S | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit (no bank) | 47 | none | Simplified 78K/0 | [25] |
| 78K0 | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 48 | none | Basic 78K/0 core | [19] |
| 178K0S | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit | 47 | none | 78K/0S for DTS; Digital Tuning System | [25][32] |
| 178K0 | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 48 | none | 78K/0 for DTS | [19][31] |
| 78K4 | 16-bit | 16× 8-bit ×4 banks | 113 | none | Macro service available | [37]: 24, 128 |
| 78K7 | 32-bit | 16× 16-bit ×16 banks | none | Macro service available | [46] | |
| 78K6 | 16-bit | Macro service available | ||||
| 78K1 | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 64 | none | For VCR servo controls | [40]: 3, 39 |
| 78K3 | 16-bit | 16× 8-bit ×8 banks | 113–115 | none | Macro service available | [47]: 3–28, 45 |
| 78K2 | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit ×4 banks | 65 | none | General purpose | [44]: 16, 50 |
| 87AD | 8-bit | 8× 8-bit ×2 banks | CMOS: 159 NMOS: 158 | none | Predecessor of 78K | [45]: 21, 39 |
| (17K) | 4-bit | 128× 4-bit ×2 banks | 47 | none | Predecessor of 178K | [30] |
See also
References
External links
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