3 Ceti

3 Ceti is a single,^[11] orange-hued star located around 2,100 light years away^[12] in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.95.^[2] The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −42 km/s.^[5] It has a peculiar velocity of 60.7+3.8
−6.2 km/s and is a candidate runaway star.^[6]

3 Ceti

Observation data Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation	Cetus
Right ascension	00h 04m 30.11827s[1]
Declination	−10° 30′ 34.2849″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	4.953[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type	K3 III[3] or K3 Ib[4]
B−V color index	+1.66[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	−42.10±0.33[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −6.85[1] mas/yr Dec.: −12.02[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	1.56 ± 0.31 mas[1]
Distance	approx. 2,100 ly (approx. 600 pc)
Details
Mass	9.0±0.6[6] M☉
Radius	182[7] R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)	7,877[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	0.90[8] cgs
Temperature	4,152[8] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.08[8] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	5.8±1.0[9] km/s
Age	29.7±3.6[6] Myr
Other designations
3 Cet, NSV 13, BD−11°6194, FK5 2001, HD 225212, HIP 355, HR 9103, SAO 147066, 2MASS J00043012-1030344[10]
Database references
SIMBAD	data

This is a red supergiant star with a stellar classification of K3 Ib,^[4] although Houk and Swift (1999) classed it as a normal giant at K3 III.^[3] It displays microvariability, undergoing changes in brightness with a frequency of 11.2 times per day and an amplitude of 0.0053 in magnitude.^[4] The star is about 30 million years old with nine times the mass of the Sun^[6] and 182 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 7,877^[7] times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,152 K.^[8]

It is a possible supernova candidate.^[12]

References

1. van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
2. Hohle, M.M.; et al. (2010). "Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants". Astronomische Nachrichten. 331 (4): 349. arXiv:1003.2335. Bibcode:2010AN....331..349H. doi:10.1002/asna.200911355. S2CID 111387483.
3. Houk, N.; Swift, C. (1999). "Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars". Michigan Spectral Survey. 5. Bibcode:1999MSS...C05....0H.
4. Koen, Chris; Eyer, Laurent (2002). "New periodic variables from the Hipparcos epoch photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 331 (1): 45. arXiv:astro-ph/0112194. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.331...45K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05150.x.
5. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
6. Tetzlaff, N.; et al. (January 2011), "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 410 (1): 190–200, arXiv:1007.4883, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x, S2CID 118629873
7. Healy, Sarah; Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Colomer Molla, Marta; Milisavljevic, Dan; Tseng, Jeff; Bergin, Faith; Weil, Kathryn; Tanaka, Masaomi; Otero, Sebastián (2024-04-01). "Red supergiant candidates for multimessenger monitoring of the next Galactic supernova". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529 (4): 3630–3650. arXiv:2307.08785. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.529.3630H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae738. ISSN 0035-8711.
8. Luck, R. Earle (2014). "Parameters and Abundances in Luminous Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (6): 137. Bibcode:2014AJ....147..137L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/6/137.
9. De Medeiros, J. R.; Udry, S.; Burki, G.; Mayor, M. (2002). "A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars. II. Ib supergiant stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 395: 97–98. Bibcode:2002A&A...395...97D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021214.
10. "3 Cet". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
11. Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv:0806.2878, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x, S2CID 14878976.
12. Asakura, K.; Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Hachiya, T.; Hayashida, S.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Ishidoshiro, K.; Ishikawa, T. (2015-06-03). "KamLAND SENSITIVITY TO NEUTRINOS FROM PRE-SUPERNOVA STARS". The Astrophysical Journal. 818: 91. arXiv:1506.01175v4. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/91.