390s BC

This article concerns the period 399 BC – 390 BC.

399 BC

This section is transcluded from 399 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Greece

• February 15 – The Greek philosopher Socrates is sentenced to death by Athenian authorities, condemned for impiety and the corruption of youth.^[1] He refuses to flee into exile and dies by drinking hemlock.
• Sparta forces Elis to surrender in the spring.
• The Spartan admiral, Lysander, tries to effect a political revolution in Sparta by suggesting that the king should not automatically be given the leadership of the army. He also suggests that the position of king should be elective. However, he is unsuccessful in achieving these reforms, and earns the disfavour of King Agesilaus II of Sparta.
• King Archelaus I of Macedon is killed during a hunt, by one of the royal pages, his lover Craterus.^[2]

Egypt

• King Amyrtaeus of Egypt is defeated in battle by his successor, Nepherites I of Mendes, and executed at Memphis. King Nepherites I, or Nefaarud I, founds the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt. He makes Mendes his capital.

Births

Transcluding articles: 399 BC, 398 BC, 397 BC, 396 BC, 395 BC, 394 BC, 393 BC, 392 BC, 391 BC, and 390 BC

398 BC

• The ‘Panke Baobab’ tree would have sprouted this during this year.^[16]

397 BC

• Dionysius II, son of Dionysius I, tyrant of Syracuse (d. 343 BC)

396 BC

• Xenocrates, Greek philosopher and scholarch (or rector) of the Academy (d. 314 BC)^{[citation needed]}

390 BC

• Hypereides, Athenian orator and politician (approximate date)
• The Tollund Man (approximate date, based on his being forty years old at the time of death)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 399 BC, 398 BC, 397 BC, 396 BC, 395 BC, 394 BC, 393 BC, 392 BC, 391 BC, and 390 BC

399 BC

• King Amyrtaeus of Egypt
• King Archelaus I of Macedon^[2]
• Socrates, Greek philosopher (b. c. 470 BC)^[17]

396 BC

• Himilco, Carthaginian general. ^[6]

395 BC

• Lysander, Spartan general and admiral
• Tissaphernes, Persian satrap
• Shishunaga, founder of the Shishunaga dynasty of South Asia

393 BC

• Nepherites I or Nefaarud I, Pharaoh of Egypt
• Emperor Kōshō of Japan, according to legend.

392 BC

• Conon, Athenian general (approximate date)

391 BC

• Thibron, Spartan general
• Mozi, Chinese philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 470 BC)^[18]

390 BC

• Andocides, Athenian orator and politician (b. 440 BC)^[19]

References

1. Meinwald, Constance C. "Plato". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
2. Carney, Elizabeth (2015). King and Court in Ancient Macedonia: Rivalry, Treason and Conspiracy. ISD LLC. p. 156. ISBN 9781910589083.
3. Kern, Paul B. Ancient Siege Warfare. p. 178.
4. "Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XIV, Chapter 79". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
5. Campbell, Brian; Tritle, Lawrence A. (July 2017). The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World. Oxford University Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-19-049913-6.
6. Taylor, William Cooke (1839). The student's manual of ancient history. J.W. Parker. p. 176.
7. Grote, George (1872). A History of Greece: From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great. J. Murray.
8. Drummond, Andrew (2016-03-07), "Furius Camillus, Marcus", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2758, ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5, retrieved 2023-06-21
9. Venning, Timothy (2011-02-10). A Chronology of the Roman Empire. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-4411-5478-1.
10. Schaus, Gerald P.; Wenn, Stephen R. (2009-08-02). Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-55458-779-7.
11. Kagan, Donald (1962). "Corinthian Politics and the Revolution of 392 B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 11 (4): 447–457. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4434762.
12. Devoto, James G. (1986). "Agesilaus, Antalcidas, and the Failed Peace of 392/91 B.C." Classical Philology. 81 (3): 191–202. doi:10.1086/366986. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 270173. S2CID 161688157.
13. Ruzicka, Stephen (1983). "Clazomenae and Persian Foreign Policy, 387/6 B. C." Phoenix. 37 (2): 104–108. doi:10.2307/1087450. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1087450.
14. Humm, Michel (2014-09-19), Mineo, Bernard (ed.), "From 390 bc to Sentinum: Political and Ideological Aspects", A Companion to Livy, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, pp. 342–366, doi:10.1002/9781118339015.ch26, ISBN 978-1-118-33901-5, retrieved 2022-07-04
15. Forsythe, Gary (2014-09-19), Mineo, Bernard (ed.), "The Beginnings of the Republic from 509 to 390 bc", A Companion to Livy, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, pp. 314–326, doi:10.1002/9781118339015.ch24, ISBN 978-1-118-33901-5, retrieved 2022-07-04
16. Patrut, Adrian; Woodborne, Stephan; Patrut, Roxana T.; Rakosy, Laszlo; Lowy, Daniel A.; Hall, Grant; von Reden, Karl F. (July 2018). "The demise of the largest and oldest African baobabs". Nature Plants. 4 (7): 423–426. doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0170-5. ISSN 2055-0278.
17. "Socrates | Biography, Philosophy, Beliefs, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
18. Binkley, Carol S. Lipson Roberta A. (2012-02-01). Rhetoric before and beyond the Greeks. SUNY Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-7914-8503-3.
19. "Andocides | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-07-04.