6 January – The National Forum of Music (NFM) in Wrocław announces the appointment of Christoph Eschenbach as its next artistic director, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of 5 seasons.[2]
Orchestra members, chorus members, and music staff of English National Opera (ENO) announce their intention to take industrial action on 1 February, in protest at plans to make redundant the company's chorus, orchestra and music staff, with subsequent re-employment for six months per year.[6]
New Orleans Opera announces the appointment of Lila Palmer as its next general director and artistic director, effective 15 May 2024.[7]
Third Coast Baroque announces cessation of operations.[8]
18 January – The Fonds Podiumkunsten announces Laurens de Man as the recipient of the Nederlandse Muziekprijs for 2024, the first organist to receive this award.[9]
Birmingham Royal Ballet announces simultaneously the departure of Koen Kessels as its music director on 30 June 2024, and the appointment of Paul Murphy as its next music director, effective 1 July 2024.[13]
The Orchestre Philharmonique Royal de Liège announces simultaneously the scheduled conclusion of the tenure of Gergely Madaras as its music director at the close of the 2024–2025 season, and the appointment of Lionel Bringuier as its next music director, effective with the 2025–2026 season.[14]
The Cincinnati May Festival announces that Steven R. Sunderman is to retire as its executive director as of 2 July 2024.[15]
Wigmore Hall announces Igor Levit as the recipient of The Wigmore Hall Medal for 2024, the youngest recipient in the award's history.[16]
The Turku Philharmonic Orchestra announces the appointment of John Storgårds as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract through the spring of 2028.[19]
The Ernst von Siemens Foundation (Musikstiftung) announces Bára Gísladóttir, Daniele Ghisi, and Yiqing Zhu as the recipients of the 2024 Ernst von Siemens Composer Prizes.[22]
The WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne announces the appointment of Marie Jacquot as its next chief conductor, the first female conductor ever named to the post, effective with the 2026–2027 season, with an initial contract of 4 years.[23]
Equity announces an interim agreement with English National Opera that forestalls previously declared intentions of industrial action.[25]
The Lahti Symphony Orchestra announces simultaneously that Dalia Stasevska is to conclude her tenure as its chief conductor at the close of the 2024–2025 season, and the appointment of Hannu Lintu as its new artistic partner, effective with the 2025–2026 season.[26]
Boston Lyric Opera announces the appointment of Nina Yoshida Nelsen as its next artistic director, effective 1 February 2024.[27]
The Montreal Symphony Orchestra announces that Madeleine Careau is to stand down as its chief executive officer at the close of the 2023–2024 season.[28]
31 January – The Spanish Ministry of Culture and La Comunidad de Madrid announce the appointment of Alondra de la Parra as the new artistic director of the Orquesta y Coro de la Comunidad de Madrid, effective with the 2024–2025 season.[30]
2 February – The San Antonio Philharmonic announces the appointment of Jeffrey Kahane as its inaugural music director, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of three seasons.[31]
5 February – At the Sankt Burchardi Kirche (St. Burchardi Church), Halberstadt, the newest chord change in the planned 639-year performance of John Cage's Organ2/ASLSP (As Slow as Possible) takes place, with the addition of a d' (D4), the first chord change since 5 February 2022.[32]
6 February – Washington National Opera announces simultaneously that Evan Rogister is to stand down as its principal conductor at the close of the 2024–2025 season, and the appointment of Robert Spano as its new music director, effective with the 2025–2026 season.[33]
8 February – Kings Place announces the appointment of Sam McShane as its next artistic director, effective 20 May 2024.[36]
15 February – The BBC announces a new partnership between the BBC Singers and the Voces8 Foundation for future sustainability of the BBC Singers.[37]
16 February – Orchestra members, chorus members, and music staff of English National Opera (ENO) call off their previously intended industrial action for February, after agreement in principle by ENO management to revise their original plans for redunancy and re-engagement of the musicians.[38]
22 February – The London Philharmonic Choir announces that Neville Creed is to retire as its artistic director at the close of the 2024–2025 season, and subsequently to take the title of chorus director emeritus.[40]
27 February – The Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France announces simultaneously that Mikko Franck is to conclude his tenure as its music director at the close of the 2024–2025 season, and the appointment of Jaap van Zweden as its next music director, effective with the 2026–2027 season, with an initial contract of five seasons.[41]
The BBC Concert Orchestra announces the appointment of Matthew Swann as its next Director, effective 27 March 2024.[43]
The UK Home Office grants visas to the Afghan Youth Orchestra, after public protest at the Home Office's prior refusal of their visa applications just before the start of their scheduled UK tour.[44]
The Neuköllner Oper announces simultaneously the scheduled departure of Bernhard Glocksin as its artistic director, and the appointment of Rainer Simon as its next artistic director, effective August 2025.[47]
The Kronos Quartet announces simultaneously the scheduled retirements of violinist John Sherba and violist Hank Dutt from the ensemble in June 2024, and the appointments of Gabriela Díaz as its new violinist and Ayane Kozasa as its new violist.[48]
Los Angeles Opera announces that James Conlon is to conclude his tenure as its music director at the close of the 2025–2026 season, and subsequently to take the title of conductor laureate.[56][57]
American Youth Symphony announces permanent cessation of operations, effective 15 March 2024.[58]
Ars Nova Copenhagen announces the appointment of Sofi Jeannin as its chief conductor, the first female conductor to be named to the post, with immediate effect.[59]
St John's College, Cambridge announces the disbanding of St. John's Voices at the close of the 2023–2024 academic term, with consequent redundancy of its musical director, Graham Walker, and exclusion of soprano undergraduates from Cambridge chapel choral services.[63]
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Klaus Mäkelä as its next music director, effective with the 2027–2028 season, with an initial contract of five years.[67][68]
In a report in The New York Times, Klaus Mäkelä states that he is to stand down as chief conductor of the Oslo Philharmonic at the close of the 2026–2027 season.[68]
In a report in The New York Times, Klaus Mäkelä states that he is to stand down as music director of the Orchestre de Paris at the close of the 2026–2027 season.[68]
3 April – The Theater Chemnitz announces the appointment of Benjamin Reiners as its next Generalmusikdirektor, effective with the 2025–2026 season.[71]
11 April – Bühnen Bern announces the appointment of Alevtina Ioffe as its next chief conductor, the first female conductor to be named to the post, effective in the summer of 2025. In parallel, Nicholas Carter is scheduled to conclude his Bühnen Bern tenure post at the close of the 2024-2025 season.[77][78]
12 April – The Solti Foundation US announces François López-Ferrer as the 15th recipient of the Sir Georg Solti Conducting Award.[79]
15 April – The Three Choirs Festival announces that Alexis Paterson is to stand down as its chief executive after the 2024 season.[80]
La Scala announces the appointment of Fortunato Ortombina as its next general director, effective with the 2025–2026 season.[81]
Welsh National Opera announces the truncation of two weeks from its 2024–2025 season, with the planned elimination of scheduled tours to Bristol Hippodrome in February 2025 and to Venue Cymru, Llandudno in May 2025.[82]
The Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie announces the appointment of Jonathan Bloxham as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of three seasons.[83]
The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Cristian Măcelaru as its next music director, with the title of music director-designate for the 2024–2025 season, and fully effective as of the 2025–2026 season.[89]
Opera Philadelphia announces the appointment of Anthony Roth Costanzo as its next general director and president, effective 1 June 2024, with an initial contract of three years.[90]
The first Arabic-language grand opera to be staged in Saudi Arabia, Zarqa Al Yamama, is premiered in Riyadh.[91]
26 April – The Flanders Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Martijn Dendievel as its next chief conductor, effective January 2026 season.[92]
15 May – The Iceland Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Barbara Hannigan as its next chief conductor and artistic director, effective August 2026, with an initial contract of three seasons.[102]
7 June – The Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra re-announces the appointment of Krzysztof Urbański as its next artistic director, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of four years, revised from the previous January 2024 announcement.[112]
The Malmö Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Martyn Brabbins as its net chief conductor, effective with the 2025–2026 season, with an initial contract of three seasons.[113]
Canadian Opera Company announces the departure of Perryn Leech as its general director, and the appointment of David Ferguson as interim general director, both with immediate effect.[114]
The Albany Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Emily Fritz-Endres as its next executive director, effective August 2024.[115]
18 June – The New Jersey Symphony announces that Gabriel van Aalst is to stand down as its president and CEO as of September 2024.[118]
24 June – Opera Carolina announces the appointment of Shanté Williams as its general director, the first woman and the first person of colour to be named to the post, effective 1 July 2024, in succession to James Meena, who is to stand down as general director and retain his post of artistic director.[119]
25 June – The Baltimore Chamber Orchestra announces the appointment of Robert Moody as its next music director, with immediate effect, with an initial contract of three years.[120]
26 June – The BBC announces presenter changes at Radio 3 effective April 2025, including:[121]
The scheduled retirement of Sean Rafferty from In Tune
The naming of Petroc Trelawny as the new co-presenter of In Tune in place of Rafferty
The naming of Tom McKinney as the new presenter of the weekday Breakfast programme.
The Dallas Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Michelle Miller Burns as its next president and chief executive officer, effective 23 September 2024.[122]
The Minnesota Orchestra announces the scheduled departure of Michelle Miller Burns as its president and chief executive officer, effective 13 September 2024.[123]
30 June – The choir of St Paul's Cathedral features girls as full choristers for the first time in the institution's history, with two girls as part of the Choral Evensong service.[124]
3 July – The Dutch Fonds voor Cultuur Participatie (Cultural Participation Fund) announces its newest recipients of multi-year subsidies, where six classical music organisations focused on youth are not included in the most recent portfolio:[125]
The Staatstheater Kassel announces the appointment of Ainārs Rubiķis as its next Generalmusikdirektor, effective with the 2025–2026 season, with an initial contract of three seasons.[127][128]
5 July – The city of Cologne announces the conclusion of the tenure of François-Xavier Roth as Gürzenich-Kapellmeister and chief conductor of the Cologne Opera with immediate effect, one season earlier than the previously scheduled tenure conclusion, in light of accusations against Roth of sexting and sexually inappropriate conduct towards other musicians.[129]
Welsh National Opera announces the appointments of Adele Thomas and Sarah Crabtree as joint holders of the posts of general director and chief executive officer, effective January 2025.[130]
Scottish Ensemble announces that Jenny Jamison is to stand down as its chief executive.[131]
Gary Ginstling resigns as president and chief executive of the New York Philharmonic, with immediate effect.[132]
The Northern Chamber Orchestra announces the appointments of Zöe Beyers as its next music director and of Sarah Brandwood-Spencer as its new associate director.[137]
The Orchestre classique de Montréal announces the departure of Jacques Lacombe as its artistic director, with immediate effect.[138]
30 July – The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Erin Freeman as the next director of the St. Louis Symphony Chorus, with immediate effect.[140]
7 August – Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts announces the appointment of Mariko Silver as its next president and chief executive officer, effective 23 September 2024.[143][144]
Seattle Opera announces the appointment of James Robinson as its next general director and artistic director, effective 4 September 2024, with an initial contract of five seasons.[146][147]
The Tokyo Symphony Orchestra announces the appointment of Lorenzo Viotti as its next music director, effective with the 2026–2027 season, with an initial contract of three years.[149]
Chattanooga Symphony and Opera announce the appointment of Ilya Ram as its next music director, effective with the 2025–2026 season, with an initial contract of three years.[150]
12 August – The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra removes Jayson Gillham as the scheduled pianist for its 15 August 2024 concert, following remarks by Gillham on 11 August 2024 regarding the deaths of Palestinian journalists in the Israel-Hamas war at the world premiere performance of Connor D'Netto's piano work Witness.[151]
14 August – The Media, Entertainment & Arts Alliance releases a statement to protest the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra's cancellation of Jayson Gillham's previously scheduled 15 August 2024 appearance with the orchestra, following Gillham's 11 August 2024 remarks about the deaths of Palestinian journalists in the Israel-Hamas war.[152]
15 August – The musicians of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) issue a vote of no confidence in MSO managing director Sophie Galaise and MSO chief operating officer Guy Ross, following the cancellation of Jayson Gillham's previously scheduled appearance with the MSO for that evening.[153]
19 August – News reports state that Eberhard Friedrich has submitted his resignation as director of the Bayreuth Festival Chorus, effective 27 August 2024 with the close of the 2024 Bayreuth Festival season, one year ahead of his scheduled retirement.[154]
The Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science announces Elisabeth Hetherington as the recipient of the 2025 Nederlandse Muziekprijs.[156]
The Sarasota Orchestra announces the appointment of Giancarlo Guerrero as its next music director, effective with the 2025–2026 season, with an initial contract of five seasons.[157]
25 August – The Bayreuth Festival announces the appointment of Thomas Eitler-de Lint as the next director of the Bayreuth Festival Chorus.[159]
26 August – The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO) announces, in the wake of the cancellation of Jayson Gillham's previously scheduled 15 August 2024 appearance with the orchestra:[160]
The departure of Sophie Galaise as managing director
The appointment of Richard Wigley as strategic advisor for the orchestra
An independent review of the MSO, to be led by Peter Garrett.
The Seattle Symphony announces the appointment of Xian Zhang as its next music director, the first female conductor to be named to the post, effective with the 2025-2026 season, with an initial contract of five years.[164]
The New Jersey Symphony announces that Xian Zhang is to conclude her tenure as its music director at the close of the 2027-2028 season.[165]
6 September – The Omaha Symphony Orchestra and its music director, Ankush Kumar Bahl, announce that Bahl is to stand down from the post at the close of the 2024-2025 season, and that Bahl is to take the title of artistic partner for the 2025-2026 season.[166][167]
Kyiv Camerata announces the appointment of Keri-Lynn Wilson as its new music director, the first female conductor to be named to the post, with immediate effect.[168]
Sir John Eliot Gardiner announces the formation of a new orchestra and choir, the Constellation Orchestra and the Constellation Choir, under his leadership.[169]
The Colorado Symphony announces the promotion of Peter Oundjian from its principal conductor to its music director, effective with the 2025–2026 season, with an initial contract of four years.[170]
Arvo Pärt receives the Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal from RPS Chair Angela Dixon and RPS Chief Executive James Murphy at the Arvo Pärt Centre in Tallinn.
Wigmore Hall announces the prize recipients of its 2024 Wigmore Hall/Bollinger International Song Competition:[171]
1st Prize: Anja Mittermüller, mezzo-soprano (the youngest-ever winner of the competition at age 20)
2nd Prize: Santiago Sánchez, tenor
3rd Prize: Jonathan Eyers, baritone
Pianist’s Prize: Jong Sun Woo
Special Finalist Prize: Mathilde Orscheidt, mezzo-soprano
16 September – The board of directors of Anima Eterna announces the severance of ties with its founder and director, Jos Van Immerseel, on the grounds of repeated aggressive behaviour and failures to meet contractual obligations.[172]
The first modern performance of the recently re-discovered composition Ganz Kleine Nachtmusik, K. 648, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart takes place at the International Mozarteum Foundation in Salzburg.[174]
The San Francisco Symphony Chorus takes industrial action that leads to the cancellation of the initially scheduled season-opening concert that evening.[175]
First Prize and the Dame Fanny Waterman Gold Medal: Jaeden Izik-Dzurko
Second Prize and the Marion Thorpe Silver Medal: Junyan Chen
Third Prize and the Lady Roslyn Lyons Bronze Medal: Khanh Nhi Luong
Fourth Prize: Kai-Min Chang
Fifth Prize: Julian Trevelyan
23 September – The Metropolitan Opera opens its 2024-2025 season with the first performance of the revised version of Grounded by Jeanine Tesori and George Brant, the first opera by a female composer ever to begin the Metropolitan Opera's season in the company's history.[177]
27 September – The musicians of the United States National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) take industrial action and initiate a work stoppage at 11:00 local time, the first such action since 1978, after a breakdown in labour negotiations. The NSO management and the NSO musicians reach a settlement by 14:30 local time the same day.[178]
30 September – Brandeis University communicates a notice of redundancy and dissolution to the Lydian String Quartet, the resident string quartet at the university.[179]
The MacArthur Fellows Program announces its 2024 recipients, which include the violinist and composer Johnny Gandelsman.[180]
The Grant Park Music Festival announces the appointment of Giancarlo Guerrero as its next artistic director and principal conductor, with immediate effect, with an initial contract of three seasons.[181]
The New Zealand String Quartet Trust announces the resignations of first violinist Helene Pohl and cellist Rolf Gjelsten from the ensemble, with immediate effect.[184]
Houston Grand Opera announces that Patrick Summers is to stand down as its artistic director and music director at the conclusion of the 2025-2026 season.[185]
20 October – The BBC announces Ryan Wang as the winner of the BBC Young Musician 2024 competition.[186]
23 October – The Festival de Lanaudière announces the appointment of Clément Joubert as its new executive director.[187]
2 November –The Royal Philharmonic Society awards Yo-Yo Ma the Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal at the Barbican Centre, London.[190]
4 November – The New York Philharmonic announces the dismissal of Matthew Muckey and Liang Wang as members of the orchestra, effective with the start of the 2025-2026 season, following a re-investigation of accusations of sexual assault and sexual harassment against them.[191]
5 November – Scottish Ensemble announces the appointment of James Hardie as its chief executive, effective January 2025.[192]
Opera America announces that Marc A. Scorsa is to stand down as its president and chief executive officer at the end of December 2025.[195]
The Pacific Symphony announces the appointment of Alexander Shelley as its next music director, effective with the 2026-2027 season, with an initial contract of five years.[196]
19 November – The Berkeley Symphony announces that Joseph Young is to conclude his tenure as its music director at the close of the 2024–2025 season.[198]
21 November – The Orchestre National de France announces the appointment of Philippe Jordan as its next music director, effective with the 2027-2028 season. In parallel, Cristian Măcelaru is scheduled to stand down as the orchestra's music director at the close of the 2026-2027 season.[199]
29 November – The Teatro Regio (Turin) announces the appointment of Andrea Battistoni as its next music director, effective 1 January 2025, with an initial contract of two seasons.[203]
The New York Philharmonic announces the appointment of Matías Tarnopolsky as its next president and chief executive officer, effective 1 January 2025.[204][205]
The Philadelphia Orchestra announces the departure of Matías Tarnopolsky as its president and chief executive officer at the close of 2024.[206]
A concert for the reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris features the cathedral's four organistes titulaires, Olivier Latry, Vincent Dubois, Thierry Escaich and Thibault Fajoles, and such classical music artists as Benjamin Bernheim, Khatia Buniatishvili, Gautier Capuçon, Renaud Capuçon, Lang Lang, Daniel Lozakovich, Yo-Yo Ma, Nadine Sierra, and Pretty Yende, with the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France conducted by Gustavo Dudamel.[209]
The newly formed Constellation Orchestra and Choir gives its first performance under the direction of Sir John Eliot Gardiner at the Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg.[210]
9 December – The New Jersey Symphony announces the appointment of Terry D. Loftis as its next president and chief executive officer, effective in March 2025.[212]
17 December – The Landestheater Niederbayern announces the appointment of Elisa Gogou as its next General Music Director (Generalmusikdirektorin), the first female conductor to be named to the post, effective with the 2026-2027 season.[213]
18 December – The Spanish National Orchestra announces the appointment of Kent Nagano as its next artistic director and chief conductor, effective with the 2026–2027 season, with an initial contract of five seasons. In parallel, David Afkham is scheduled to stand down as the orchestra's artistic director and chief conductor at the close of the 2025–2026 season.[214]
20 December – The Deutsche Oper am Rhein announces that Christoph Meyer is to stand down as its Generalintendant on 30 March 2025, for health reasons.[216]
25 December – The Christmas Service at St Paul's Cathedral features girls as full choristers for the first time in the institution's history, with five girl choristers as part of the service.[217]
Imogen Holst – 'Discovering Imogen': Overture Persephone, Suite in F – Allegro assai, Suite for Strings, Variations on "Loth to Depart", 'What Man is He?', Festival Anthem (orchestrated by Colin Matthews), On Westhall Hill[335]
Dorothy Howell – 'Orchestral Works' ('Humoresque, The Rock, Three Divertissements, Lamia, Koong Shee)[336]
Schubert – Piano Sonata No. 18, D. 894 / Moments musicaux, D. 780 / Fantasy in F for Piano-Four Hands, D. 940 (Maurizio Pollini, Daniele Pollini; the final recording of Maurizio Pollini)[342]
Rita Strohl – Volume 3, Orchestral Works (premiere recordings)[344]
Grace Williams – 'Orchestral Works' (Four Illustrations for the Legend of Rhiannon, Castell Caernarfon: Prelude – Processional, Ballads, Sea Sketches)[345]
Arash Yazdani – Propagation of Uncertainty (orchestral works)
Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance: Rough Magic (works by Eve Beglarian, William Brittelle, Caroline Shaw, and Peter S. Shin); Roomful of Teeth (New Amsterdam)
Best Choral Performance: Kaija Saariaho – Reconnaissance; Uusinta Ensemble; Helsinki Chamber Choir; Nils Schweckendiek, conductor (BIS)
Best Classical Compendium: Jeff Scott – Passion for Bach and Coltrane; Alex Brown, Harlem Quartet, Imani Winds, Edward Perez, Neal Smith, A. B. Spellman, musicians; Silas Brown and Mark Dover, producers (Imani Winds Media)
Best Classical Solo Vocal Album: Walking in the Dark – Julia Bullock, vocalist; Christian Reif, pianist and conductor; Philharmonia Orchestra (Nonesuch)
Best Contemporary Classical Composition: Jessie Montgomery – Rounds (for piano and string orchestra); Awadagin Pratt, piano; A Far Cry (New Amsterdam)
Chamber: Robert Schumann – Piano Quartet and Piano Quintet; Isabelle Faust, Anne-Katharina Schreiber, Antoine Tamestit, Jean-Guihen Queyras, Alexander Melnikov (harmonia mundi)
Choral: Elgar – The Dream of Gerontius; Nicky Spence, Anna Stéphany, Andrew Foster-Williams; Polish National Youth Choir, Gabrieli, Paul McCreesh (Signum)
Concept Album: 'Letter(s) to Erik Satie’; Helen Charlston and Toby Carr (Delphian)
Contemporary: Kaija Saariaho – Maan Varjot, Chateau de l'Ame, True Fire, Offrande; Olivier Latry, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France; Hannu Lintu, Ernest Martínez Izquierdo (conductors) (Radio France)
Early Music: Jacob Obrecht – Missa Maria zart; Cappella Pratensis, Stratton Bull (Challenge Classics)
Instrumental: Eugène Ysaÿe – Six Sonatas for Violin Solo, op. 27; Hilary Hahn (Deutsche Grammophon)
Opera: Leoš Janáček – Káťa Kabanová; Corinne Winters, Evelyn Herlitzius, David Butt Philip, Jaroslav Březina, Jarmila Balážová, Benjamin Hulett, Jens Larsen; Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra; Chorus of the Vienna State Opera; Jakub Hrůša (conductor); Barrie Kosky (stage director) (Unitel Editions)
Song: Schubert – Die schöne Müllerin; Konstantin Krimmel and Daniel Heide (Alpha)
Voice and Ensemble: 'The Great Puccini'; Jonathan Teitleman, Federica Lombardi, Marina Monzó, Vida Miknevičiūtė, Rihab Chaieb, Theodore Platt, Önay Köse; PKF Prague Philharmonia, Carlo Rizzi (Deutsche Grammophon)
Recording of the Year: Eugène Ysaÿe – Six Sonatas for Violin Solo, op. 27; Hilary Hahn (Deutsche Grammophon)
Reinhard Strohm (June 2024). "Nachruf: Reinhold Kubik (1942-2024)"(PDF). Österreichische Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft. Retrieved 23 September 2024.